CISA Dumps with Practice Exam Questions Answers

Processes to recover critical files after a ransomware attack are corrective controls because they are designed to restore systems or data after an incident has occurred. ISACA guidance on ransomware and security controls explicitly identifies backups and recovery capabilities as corrective in nature.

Option D is correct because corrective controls aim to reduce the impact of an event and restore normal operations. File recovery, restoration from backups, and recovery procedures are classic corrective activities. ISACA specifically notes that restoring from backups is an effective corrective action against ransomware.

Option B is incorrect because preventive controls try to stop the ransomware attack from happening in the first place, such as patching, endpoint protection, email filtering, or access controls. Recovery processes occur after the attack and therefore are not preventive.

Option C is incorrect because detective controls identify that an incident has occurred or is occurring, such as alerts, monitoring, or anomaly detection. Recovery processes do not detect; they restore.

Option A is incorrect because compensating controls are alternate controls used when a primary control cannot be implemented as intended. Recovery processes after ransomware are more directly classified as corrective, not compensating.

Therefore, D is the best answer because processes for recovering critical files after ransomware are designed to correct the damage and restore operations.

References (Official ISACA):

ISACA Journal, Evidential Study of Ransomware Cryptoviral Infections and Countermeasures — restoring from backups is the first and most effective corrective action against ransomware.

ISACA, Specific Controls You Can Use — data backups are a corrective control.

ISACA, Blueprint for Ransomware Defense — recovery readiness is part of ransomware resilience.

The best recommendation is to place an intrusion detection system (IDS) between the firewall and the Internet. An IDS is a device or software that monitors network traffic for malicious activity and alerts the network administrator or takes preventive action. By placing an IDS between the firewall and the Internet, the IS auditor can enhance the security of the network perimeter and detect any attack attempts that the firewall was unable to recognize.

The other options are not as effective as placing an IDS between the firewall and the Internet:

Placing an IDS between the firewall and the organization’s web server would not protect the web server from external attacks that bypass the firewall. The web server should be placed in a demilitarized zone (DMZ), which is a separate network segment that isolates public-facing servers from the internal network.

Placing an IDS between the firewall and the demilitarized zone (DMZ) would not protect the DMZ from external attacks that bypass the firewall. The DMZ should be protected by twofirewalls, one facing the Internet and one facing the internal network, with an IDS monitoring both sides of each firewall.

Placing an IDS between the firewall and the organization’s network would not protect the organization’s network from external attacks that bypass the firewall. The organization’s network should be protected by a firewall that blocks unauthorized traffic from entering or leaving the network, with an IDS monitoring both sides of the firewall.

 The risk assessment process involves identifying the information assets that are at risk, analyzing the threats and vulnerabilities that could affect them, evaluating the impact and likelihood of a risk event, and determining the appropriate controls to mitigate the risk. The first step is to identify the information assets, as they are the objects of protection and the basis for the rest of the process. Without knowing what assets are at risk, it is not possible to assess their value, exposure, or protection level. References: ISACA Frameworks: Blueprints for Success

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

In PKI, when a document is digitally signed:

The signer uses their private key to create the signature.

The recipient uses the signer’s public key to decrypt and verify the signature.

If the decrypted hash matches the document’s computed hash, the document is authentic and unaltered.

Option A: Correct — verification is done with the public key.

Option B: Incorrect — the private key is only used to sign, not verify.

Option C: Wrong — the receiver’s public key is irrelevant.

Option D: Not applicable — audit history is not part of PKI validation.

???? ISACA Reference: CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, Domain 5, section on PKI and digital signatures.

Integration testing is the best way to ensure that an application is performing according to its specifications, because it tests the interaction and compatibility of different modules or components of the application. Unit testing, pilot testing and system testing are also important, but they do not cover the whole functionality and integration of the application as well as integration testing does. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.3