JN0-232 Questions and Answers

From the exhibit output:

Policy Information:

Policy: https-access, action-type: permit

From zone: Trust, To zone: Untrust

Application: junos-https

IP protocol: tcp, Destination port: 443

Inactivity timeout: 1800

Sequence number: 1

Analysis:

Option A:Correct. The default inactivity timeout for flow sessions is60 seconds for TCP without activity. This policy shows aninactivity timeout of 1800 seconds, which is non-default.

Option B:Incorrect. The policy shows Sequence number: 1, which means it is thefirst policy, not the second.

Option C:Correct. The policy explicitly matches application junos-https (TCP port 443) and has an action of permit. Therefore, it allows HTTPS traffic.

Option D:Incorrect. This is clearly azone-based policy, but the question asks for two correct statements. Between the four options, the explicitly correct ones are A and C.

Correct Statements:This security policy uses a non-default inactivity timeout, and this security policy permits HTTPS traffic.

To verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of content filtering on an SRX firewall, administrators use operational mode commands that display UTM statistics.

The commandshow security utm content-filtering statisticsprovides detailed counters showing how many connections were inspected, how many were blocked, and other related metrics.

This is the correct way to measure and demonstrate filtering effectiveness.

Commands in options A, B, and C provide status information for antispam, antivirus, and web filtering features, but they do not provide content filter effectiveness statistics.

NextGen Web Filtering (NGWF) requires SSL proxy functionality to inspect HTTPS traffic. To enable NGWF:

Option B:You can generate aself-signed certificatefor SSL proxy functionality (or import a CA-signed certificate, but the course emphasizes self-signed for lab/demo purposes).

Option D:You must configure anSSL proxy profileso that HTTPS traffic can be decrypted and inspected.

Option A:A CA-signed certificate may be used in production but is not strictly required to enable NGWF.

Option C:SSL initiation profiles are used for outbound SSL inspection initiated by the SRX, not for NGWF traffic interception.

Correct Actions:Generate a self-signed certificate, Configure an SSL proxy profile

Security Director (Option B):A Junos Space application that provides a centralized interface for managing, monitoring, and maintaining multiple SRX firewalls.

Juniper Secure Analytics (Option A):Focuses on SIEM/log analysis, not centralized firewall management.

Identity Management Service (Option C):Provides user identity integration for policy enforcement, not a management UI.

Secure Connect (Option D):A VPN client solution, not a firewall management platform.

Correct UI:Security Director

PAT (Port Address Translation), also called NAT overload, allows many devices to share a single public IP:

Option C:Correct. Multiple internal hosts share a single external IP.

Option D:Correct. Each internal host is mapped to the same public IP but differentiated by unique port numbers.

Option A:This describes basic static NAT (1-to-1 mapping).

Option B:Incorrect, this describes general NAT behavior but not specific to PAT.

Correct Statements:PAT enables multiple internal devices to share one external IP, and it maps internal IPs to external IP + port.

Traceoptions in thesecurity flow hierarchyprovide debugging for how packets are processed in the flow module.

The correct flag to capturedetailed packet-level debuggingispacket-dump (Option A). This outputs packet-level trace messages showing flow decisions, NAT processing, and policy matches.

general (Option B):Provides basic flow trace information but not full packet inspection.

state (Option C):Tracks flow state transitions, less detailed than packet-dump.

basic-datapath (Option D):Provides high-level datapath debugging, not detailed flow troubleshooting.

Correct Flag:packet-dump

The packet flow fornew trafficon SRX is processed in a defined order:

Screens (Option B, Step 1):Packets are first checked by screens for anomalies such as floods, malformed packets, or protocol violations.

Route Lookup (Step 2):The destination IP is checked in the routing table to determine the egress interface.

Zone Determination (Step 3):Once the ingress and egress interfaces are known, their associated zones are identified.

Security Policies (Step 4):With both zones determined, the packet is evaluated against the configured security policies.

Other options list incorrect sequences, either moving routing later or placing policies before zone determination, which is not possible.

Correct Processing Order:screens → routes → zones → security policies

Unified security policies integratetraditional zone-based policieswithapplication-based policies. Their characteristics include:

Zone-based or global (Option B):Unified policies can be applied as either zone-specific or global policies.

AppID engine (Option C):They leverage the AppID engine for application identification, enabling fine-grained control at the application layer.

Policy matching (Option A):Policies are evaluated sequentially like standard security policies; applications are not matched before policy processing.

Multiple matches (Option D):If multiple policies could match, the first match applies (sequential order), not the “most restrictive.”

Correct Statements:B and C

The simplest and most direct method of verifying Web filtering effectiveness isto attempt to access permitted and blocked URLs.

Option A:Installing a local NGWF server is not required; NGWF queries Juniper’s cloud.

Option B:File extension checking applies to content filtering, not web filtering.

Option C:Examining policies shows configuration but does not verify enforcement.

Option D:Correct. Attempting to browse URLs that should be blocked or allowed confirms the Web filtering policy is effective.

Correct Method:Attempt to access permitted or blocked URLs

SSH Access (Option B):Host-inbound-traffic controls traffic destined to the SRX device itself (management/control plane). If host-inbound-traffic is not configured to allow SSH, then SSH access to the firewall is blocked.

Explicit Zone Configuration (Option D):For user-defined security zones, host-inbound-traffic must be explicitly configured to allow specific services (SSH, ICMP, SNMP, etc.).

Console Access (Option A):Console access is not controlled by host-inbound-traffic. Console access is always available directly.

Management Zone (Option C):In the management functional zone, host-inbound-traffic is implicitly allowed for management services, so this is not explicitly required.

Correct Statements:B and D

In Junos OS, traffic is classified into three main categories:

Transit traffic:

Defined as traffic thatenters one interface and exits another interface.

It is handledentirely in the forwarding plane (Packet Forwarding Engine).

Example: User data packets moving between trust and untrust zones.

Correct →Option A.

Exception traffic:

Traffic requiring processing by theRouting Engine (control plane), such as routing updates or management traffic.

MatchesOption C/D, but that is not transit traffic.

Control traffic:

Management or routing-related, handled by the control plane.

Rate-limiting (Option B):

This applies specifically toexception trafficto protect the Routing Engine, not to transit traffic.

Correct Statement:Transit traffic is traffic that is processed solely through the forwarding plane.

In Juniper SRX flow-based packet processing, theflow moduleis responsible for security functions such as screening, session management, NAT, and policy enforcement. The processing order is critical:

Screens are applied before any session lookup.This ensures that packets are inspected for anomalies, floods, or protocol violations before consuming resources for session management. Examples of these screens include TCP SYN flood protection, ICMP flood protection, and port scanning protection.

After screening, thesession lookupoccurs. At this point, the firewall checks whether the packet belongs to an existing session in the session table. If a matching session is found, the packet bypasses policy evaluation and is forwarded according to the session state.

If no existing session is found, the packet continues throughroute lookup, NAT processing, and security policy evaluationbefore a new session is created.

Thus,screening occurs before the session lookup, protecting the system early in the flow process. This design ensures efficiency by dropping malicious or malformed traffic before allocating session resources.

After confirming correct routing:

The next step is toverify security zone assignments (Option A). If interfaces are not correctly assigned to zones, traffic will not be evaluated against proper inter-zone or intra-zone security policies, causing drops.

Option B:The routing protocol is irrelevant once the correct route lookup is confirmed.

Option C:NAT is checked later in the flow, not the immediate next step after routing.

Option D:ALG is only needed for specific applications (FTP, SIP), not general troubleshooting.

Correct Next Step:Verify that interfaces are assigned to the correct security zones.

Global policies (Option D):Evaluated before zone-based policies. They allow centralized control and can apply across all zones. Perfect for Internet-to-private traffic that must be enforced before other rules.

Routing policy (Option A):Controls routing decisions, not traffic forwarding/security.

Default policy (Option B):Denies all traffic by default, but cannot be customized for early evaluation.

Zone policy (Option C):Zone-based policies apply after global policies and are limited to specific zone pairs.

Correct Policy Type:Global policy