HPE3-U01 Questions and Answers

In order to allow inter-PC communication in the same broadcast domain, both switches need to have the same VLAN configured on the ports that connect to the PCs and the trunk port that connects to each other. Option B shows the correct configuration for both switches, as follows:

• On Switch-1, interface 0/1 is configured as an access port on VLAN 10, which matches the VLAN of PC-1. Interface 0/2 is configured as a trunk port, which allows VLAN 10 traffic to pass through to Switch-2.
• On Switch-2, interface 0/1 is configured as an access port on VLAN 10, which matches the VLAN of PC-2. Interface 0/2 is also configured as a trunk port, which allows VLAN 10 traffic to pass through from Switch-1.

Option A is incorrect because it does not configure the trunk port on Switch-2, which prevents VLAN 10 traffic from reaching Switch-1. Option C is incorrect because it configures the trunk port on Switch-1 with the wrong encapsulation mode (ISL instead of dot1q), which causes a mismatch with Switch-2. Option D is incorrect because it configures the access ports on Switch-2 with the wrong VLAN (20 instead of 10), which isolates PC-2 from PC-1.

References:

1: Layer 2 VLAN Configuration on a Cisco Switch (with Example) - Networks Training 2: VLAN Configuration Commands Step by Step Explained - Computer Networking Notes 3: How To Configure VLANs On the Catalyst Switches - Cisco Community 4: Configure VLAN on Cisco Switch Using Cisco Packet Tracer - TECHNIG

The binary equivalent of the decimal number of 233 is 11101001. To find this, we can use the following method:

• Divide 233 by 2 and write down the remainder. The remainder is either 0 or 1.
• Divide the quotient by 2 and write down the new remainder.
• Repeat this process until the quotient is 0.
• Write the remainders from the bottom to the top. This is the binary equivalent.

For example:

Table

Quotient

Remainder

233 / 2

1

116 / 2

0

58 / 2

0

29 / 2

1

14 / 2

0

7 / 2

1

3 / 2

1

1 / 2

1

0 / 2

0

The remainders from the bottom to the top are 11101001, which is the binary equivalent of 233.

References:

1: Decimal to Binary Converter - RapidTables 2: How to Convert Decimal to Binary - wikiHow 3: Decimal to Binary Conversion Methods - GeeksforGeeks

ARP is a protocol that maps an IP address to a MAC address, which is the physical address of a device on a network. ARP is necessary because the software address (IP address) of the host or computer connected to the network needs to be translated to a hardware address (MAC address). Without ARP, a host would not be able to figure out the hardware address of another host. ARP works by sending a broadcast message to all devices on the network, asking for the MAC address of the device that has a specific IP address. The device that has that IP address replies with its MAC address, and the sender stores this information in its ARP cache for future use. The sender then uses the MAC address as the destination address of the Layer 2 header that encapsulates the IP packet. The Layer 2 header is also known as the data link layer header, which is responsible for delivering the packet to the correct device on the same network. The Layer 3 header is also known as the network layer header, which is responsible for routing the packet to the correct network. Therefore, the correct answer is C, because ARP is used to discover the destination address of the Layer 2 header that encapsulates IP packets1234 References: What Is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)? - Fortinet, Address Resolution Protocol - Wikipedia, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) explained - Study-CCNA, Aruba Certified Network Technician Exam HPE3-U01 Actual Questions

Local-based management refers to managing a network device directly from the device itself, using tools such as console port, web interface, or command-line interface. Server-based management refers to managing a network device remotely from a centralized server, using tools such as Windows Admin Center, System Center, or Azure Arc123. The differences between these two types of management are:

• Local-based management can use the device’s console port, which is a physical connection that allows access to the device even when the network is down or the device is not configured. Server-based management cannot use the console port, as it relies on network connectivity and protocols4.
• Server-based management can monitor multiple devices at once, using a single dashboard or interface that shows the status, performance, and configuration of all the devices in the network. Local-based management can only monitor one device at a time, using the device’s own tools123.

References:

1: Cloud vs Server: Learn the Key Differences and Benefits - Parallels 2: Windows Server management overview | Microsoft Learn 4: 5 Benefits of Server-Based Local Access Networks for Small … - Versatech 3: What is Windows Admin Center | Microsoft Learn

DNS (Domain Name System) is the protocol that performs name to IP resolution. DNS is a hierarchical and distributed database that maps domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. DNS allows users to access network resources using human-readable names instead of numerical addresses. DNS also provides other information such as mail exchange servers, name servers, and text records. DNS operates on the application layer of the TCP/IP model and uses UDP port 53 for queries and responses. DNS consists of several components, such as resolvers, name servers, zones, and records. Resolvers are clients that send queries to name servers and receive responses. Name servers are servers that store and provide DNS information for a domain or a zone. Zones are logical partitions of the DNS namespace that are delegated to different name servers. Records are data entries that define the mapping between names and addresses or other attributes. References: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/address-resolution-in-dns-domain-name-server/

https://networkencyclopedia.com/name-resolution/

https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=protocol-tcpip-name-resolution

Before routers forward unicast packets, they compare the destination address of the IP header with the unicast routing table entries. This is because routers use the destination IP address to determine the next hop or outgoing interface for the packet. Routers do not care about the source address of the IP header or the Ethernet header, as they are not relevant for forwarding decisions. The inbound port the packet is received in is also not important, as routers use the routing table to make forwarding decisions, not the interface information. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Referenceshttps://networklessons.com/cisco/ccie-routing-switching/unicast-reverse-path-forwarding-urpf

https://www.killtest.com/news_Aruba_Certified_Network_Technician_Exam_ACNT_HPE3-U01_Exam_Questions_Released_2022_659.html

The 051 Model is a reference model that describes how data communications occur on a network using five layers: physical, data link, network, transport, and application. The 051 Model is based on the OSI Model, which has seven layers, but it simplifies the presentation and session layers into the application layer. The 051 Model is used to understand the functions and interactions of different network components, such as devices, protocols, and services. Each layer of the 051 Model has a specific role and responsibility in the data communication process, as follows:

• The physical layer defines the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the transmission medium, such as cables, connectors, and signals. It also determines how data is encoded into bits and transmitted over the medium.
• The data link layer defines the rules and methods for accessing and sharing the transmission medium among multiple devices. It also provides error detection and correction mechanisms to ensure reliable data delivery.
• The network layer defines the logical addressing and routing schemes for data packets across different networks. It also provides congestion control and fragmentation/reassembly functions to optimize network performance.
• The transport layer defines the end-to-end communication and reliability services for data segments between applications. It also provides flow control and multiplexing/demultiplexing functions to manage data streams.
• The application layer defines the protocols and services that enable user applications to exchange data over the network. It also provides functions such as encryption, authentication, and compression to enhance data security and efficiency.

References:

• 051 Model
• OSI Model
• Network Fundamentals

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that describes the process of transmitting data between computers. It is divided into seven layers, each with a specific function. The application layer, or layer 7, is the highest layer of the OSI model and is responsible for creating data. The application layer provides services such as resource sharing, remote file access, email, web browsing, etc. The data created by the application layer is then passed down to the presentation layer, which translates it into a common format for the lower layers. The data is then further processed by the session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers until it reaches the destination12 References:

• What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained
• OSI model - Wikipedia

Radio frequency (RF) power is the amount of energy radiated by an antenna or a transmitter in the form of electromagnetic waves. RF power can be measured in different units, such as watts (W), milliwatts (mW), or decibels (dB). However, some units are more convenient than others for expressing RF power due to its logarithmic nature1

Logarithmic units, such as dB, are useful for comparing power levels that span several orders of magnitude, such as the power output of a radio station versus the power received by a mobile device. Logarithmic units also simplify the calculation of power ratios, gains, and losses, as they can be added or subtracted instead of multiplied or divided12

One common logarithmic unit for RF power is the decibel relative to milliwatt (dBm), which is defined as the power level in dB with reference to 1 mW. For example, 0 dBm means 1 mW, 10 dBm means 10 mW, 20 dBm means 100 mW, and so on. Conversely, -10 dBm means 0.1 mW, -20 dBm means 0.01 mW, and so on. The dBm unit is convenient because many RF signals, especially in wireless communication, are at fairly low power levels, and the dBm unit can express them in a short form23

Another logarithmic unit for RF power is the decibel relative to isotrope (dBi), which is defined as the power level in dB with reference to an isotropic radiator, which is a hypothetical antenna that radiates equally in all directions. The dBi unit is used to measure the gain of an antenna, which is the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna in a specific direction to the power radiated by an isotropic radiator. For example, a 3 dBi antenna means that it radiates 3 dB more power than an isotropic radiator in its main direction. The dBi unit is not suitable for expressing absolute power levels, as it depends on the reference antenna45

Therefore, the recommended unit of measurement for expressing RF power due to its logarithmic nature is the dBm, as it is an absolute unit that can compare power levels across a wide range and simplify power calculations. The dBi unit is only used for expressing antenna gain, which is a relative unit that depends on the reference antenna. The other units, such as lumens and milliwatts, are not logarithmic and are not commonly used for RF power measurement12345 References: 1: Radio frequency - Wikipedia 2: dBm - Wikipedia 3: RF power measurement, Part 1: Why and where - Analog IC Tips 4: Radiant intensity - Wikipedia 5: Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements - UC Davis

 The TCP three-way handshake is a process that is used in a TCP/IP network to create a connection between a client and a server. It involves the exchange of three packets: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK. The goal of the TCP three-way handshake is to establish a reliable, flow-controlled connection between the two endpoints. This means that the connection is able to ensure that the data is transmitted without errors, losses, or duplications, and that the data is sent at a rate that both sides can handle.

The TCP three-way handshake works as follows:

• The client initiates the connection by sending a SYN packet to the server. The SYN packet contains a random sequence number that indicates the starting point of the data that the client will send.
• The server responds to the client by sending a SYN-ACK packet. The SYN-ACK packet contains the server’s own sequence number and an acknowledgment number that is equal to the client’s sequence number plus one. This indicates that the server has received the client’s SYN packet and is ready to receive data from the client.
• The client completes the handshake by sending an ACK packet to the server. The ACK packet contains an acknowledgment number that is equal to the server’s sequence number plus one. This indicates that the client has received the server’s SYN-ACK packet and is ready to send data to the server.

After the TCP three-way handshake is completed, the connection is established and the data transfer can begin.

References: The answer can be verified by using the following resources:

• TCP 3-Way Handshake Process - GeeksforGeeks
• TCP 3-Way Handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK,ACK) - Guru99
• Akamai Blog | What is a TCP Three-Way Handshake?
• What is a Three-Way Handshake? - Definition from Techopedia
• What is TCP 3-Way Handshake, Benefits, and Drawbacks? - Networking Signal

To convert a binary number to a decimal number, we need to follow these steps:

• Write down the binary number and assign a power of 2 to each digit, starting from the rightmost with 2^0.
• Convert each binary digit to its decimal equivalent by multiplying it with its power of 2.
• Add all the decimal values to get the decimal equivalent of the binary number.

Let’s apply these steps to the binary number 10001010:

• 10001010 = 0 × 2^0 + 1 × 2^1 + 0 × 2^2 + 1 × 2^3 + 0 × 2^4 + 0 × 2^5 + 0 × 2^6 + 1 × 2^7
• 10001010 = 0 + 2 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 128
• 10001010 = 138 in decimal

Therefore, the decimal equivalent of the binary number 10001010 is 138 (option A).

References: The answer can be verified by using the following resources:

• Convert 10001010 from binary to decimal - Calculator Online
• How to Convert decimal number 10001010 in binary? - CoolConversion
• 10001010 to decimal - Calculatio
• Binary Code | Binary: 10001010 | Decimal: 138 | Bits: 8

Role Based controls are a feature of Aruba Central that allows you to assign different access privileges and policies to different groups of users on a WLAN network. You can set the Role Based controls in the Security section of the Aruba Central WLAN configuration Wizard. In this section, you can configure the following parameters:

• Authentication Type: The method of verifying the identity of users who connect to the WLAN network. You can choose from several options, such as WPA2-Enterprise, WPA2-Personal, Captive Portal, MAC Authentication, or Open.
• Authentication Server: The server that performs the authentication process for the users. You can select an existing server from the list, or create a new one by clicking the + icon. You can also configure the server settings, such as IP address, port, shared secret, and timeout.
• User Role Assignment: The method of assigning user roles to the authenticated users. You can choose from several options, such as Default Role, Role Derivation, or Server Group Role. A user role is a set of firewall policies and VLAN settings that define the access privileges and restrictions for a group of users.
• Default User Role: The user role that is assigned to the users by default, if no other role assignment method is selected. You can select an existing user role from the list, or create a new one by clicking the + icon. You can also configure the user role settings, such as firewall policies, VLAN ID, and bandwidth limit.

References:

• Configuring Security Settings for Wireless Network
• Basic WLAN Configuration Workflow

In the given network diagram, PC-1 is sending a packet to PC-2. The Layer 2 source address refers to the MAC address of the sender, which is PC-1 in this case. From the image, we can see that PC-1 has a MAC address of 00:50:56:B1:94:9F (option D), but option A provides another MAC address (90:20:C2:BC:2D:FD) associated with the multilayer switch’s interface connected to PC-2. Since switches change the source MAC to their own when forwarding packets, option A is correct.

The Layer 3 source address refers to the IP address of the sender (PC-1). From the image, it’s clear that PC-1 has an IP address of 10.2.1.10 (option C).

References: The answer can be verified by understanding how multilayer switches operate in a network and how they handle MAC addresses during packet forwarding. You can find more information about this topic in the following resources:

• Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) | HPE Aruba Networking
• Education Services | HPE Aruba Networking
• Aruba Certified Network Technician University Promotion