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BA1 Questions and Answers

Question # 6

A surplus on the current account of the balance of payments can be financed by

A.

An inflow of capital on the capital account.

B.

Lending abroad on the capital account.

C.

A fall in the foreign exchange reserves

D.

A surplus on the government budget.

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Question # 7

Which ONE of the following is NOT required in calculating the EPS of ABC plc?

A.

The market price of ABC's share

B.

The number of shares ABC has in issue

C.

The most recent earnings after interest and tax of ABC

D.

The dividend payment made to holders of preference shares

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Question # 8

All of the following items would appear as a credit on the current account of a country's balance of payments accounts except which one?

A.

Interest payments on financial assets held overseas.

B.

Exports of manufactured goods.

C.

Outflows of capital.

D.

Expenditure by visiting foreign tourists.

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Question # 9

If, when the price of a good increases, the total revenue received by the supplier decreases, then

A.

the demand for the good must be price inelastic

B.

the demand for the good must be price elastic

C.

the demand for the good must have unitary elasticity

D.

the supply of the good must be price inelastic

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Question # 10

All of the following are sources of finance for business except which one?

A.

Retained profits

B.

Certificates of deposit

C.

New share issues

D.

Mortgages

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Question # 11

Every year a household allows its bank account to become overdrawn for 3 months to pay for its annual holiday. Which one of the following statements correctly describes this?

A.

A short term lack of synchronization between payments and receipts

B.

Long term borrowing

C.

Medium term borrowing

D.

Maturity transformation

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Question # 12

Which of the following functions is not performed by investment exchanges such as NASDAQ, the London Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange?

A.

A primary market for newly issued private securities

B.

A secondary market to make existing shares liquid

C.

A provider of regulation over assets and trading methods

D.

A lender of last resort to the banking system

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Question # 13

Which ONE of the following statements best describes the impact of a government price floor (minimum price) set below free market price?

A.

It will create a shortage of the product and incentives for producers and consumers to evade the policy

B.

It will create a surplus of unsold produce that will need to be paid for from taxation

C.

It will not affect market price or producer incomes at the present time

D.

It will increase farm incomes but eventually force the government to introduce maximum quotas on production

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Question # 14

If the price of a good is held above the equilibrium price, the result will be

A.

a shortage in the market

B.

a surplus in the market

C.

excess demand for the good

D.

an increase in the demand for the good

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Question # 15

Which of the following are known as automatic stabilizers because they tend to reduce the fluctuations in economic activity associated with the business cycle?

(i). Progressive income taxes

(ii). Unemployment benefits

(iii). Means-tested welfare benefits

(iv). Regressive taxation

A.

(i) and (iv) only

B.

(ii) and (iii) only

C.

(i), (ii) and (iii) only

D.

(ii), (iii) and (iv) only

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Question # 16

Porter describes differentiation as a firm having a unique product or service that is valued by the customer. Which ONE of the following is NOT a factor in the higher prices and profits from differentiated products?

A.

Lower price elasticity of demand due to the product having few substitutes

B.

Price inelastic supply because differentiation acts as a barrier to entry against other firms

C.

Higher customer satisfaction making them willing to pay a higher price

D.

Higher costs of production and marketing necessitating the charging of a higher price

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Question # 17

The following scatter diagram displays the total life expectancy in years on the X axis and GDP per capita (constant 2000 S) on the Y axis, in Country S for the past 40 years. Which of the following statements is true in respect of the graph?

A.

A perfect positive linear relationship is shown in the diagram.

B.

In most years, the samples shows a clear negative trend in the diagram

C.

There is no correlation between the level of GDP per capita and life expectancy.

D.

In some years, the level of GDP per capita and life expectancy moved in opposite directions.

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Question # 18

Total economic welfare derived from an activity will be maximized if the activity is undertaken up to the point at which

A.

Marginal private benefit exceeds marginal private cost

B.

Marginal social benefit equals marginal social cost

C.

Marginal social benefit equals marginal private benefit

D.

Marginal private benefit equals marginal private cost

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Question # 19

In a market economy, prices act as all of the following except which one?

A.

Signals to consumers about costs

B.

Signals to producers about consumer preferences

C.

A substitute for barter

D.

A means of allocating scarce resources

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Question # 20

A firm is considering a large capital investment project. It is considering delaying it in case the government introduces special tax breaks for investment that will reduce the tax the firm pays. In which stage of the trade cycle is the government least likely to reduce taxation?

A.

Recession

B.

Depression

C.

Recovery

D.

Boom

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Question # 21

Which of the following would result from a depreciation in the exchange rate for a country's currency?

i. A fall in the foreign exchange price of that country's exports.

ii. A rise in the foreign exchange price of that country's imports.

iii. A rise in production costs for businesses using imported inputs.

iv. A worsening in that country's terms of trade.

v. A fall in the domestic prices of that country's imports.

vi. A rise in the domestic price of that country's exports.

A.

(i), (ii) and (iv) only

B.

(i), (iii) and (iv) only

C.

(ii), (v) and (vi) only

D.

(iv), (v) and (vi) only

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Question # 22

The demand for salt is generally regarded as price inelastic. Which ONE of the following factors would not contribute to making demand for salt price inelastic?

A.

There are few close substitutes for salt

B.

Salt is a small proportion of household expenditure

C.

Salt is a necessity

D.

Supply rises quickly if demand rises because salt is easy to make

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Question # 23

Based on the past twenty months, an event decorating company develops a trend equation for forecasting sales revenue (y) where y = 4.38 + 1.32x.

If month 21 has a seasonal factor of times 1.07, then what is the forecast for the month, using a multiplicative model? Give your answer to two decima places.

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Question # 24

For a typical business, which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of globalisation?

A.

Lower cost sites for the location of production

B.

Simultaneously improved terms of trade for all countries

C.

Wider sources of supply for inputs.

D.

Larger markets for outputs

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Question # 25

Which of the following is correct regarding data?

Data can be recorded as:

(1) numbers.

(2) symbols.

(3) raw facts.

A.

(1)only

B.

(3) only

C.

(1)and

D.

(1),(2)and(3)

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Question # 26

Which ONE of the following was NOT a consequence of the Global Banking Crisis that began in 2007?

A.

Recession in many developed countries

B.

Increased concern over ability of national governments to borrow

C.

A credit crunch

D.

High monetary inflation

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Question # 27

A business sells 10,000 units of its product pet month at a unit price of $10 It reduces the pnce to $88,000 per unit As a result its total reviewed $88,000 per month. What is the price elasticity of demand for this product?

A.

+1.87

B.

+0.6

C.

-2

D.

-0.5

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Question # 28

Which of the following is an example of an indirect tax?

A.

Corporation tax

B.

Income tax

C.

Inheritance tax

D.

Sales tax

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Question # 29

The government of Country Z imposes a tariff on all imports of coal from other countries Which THREE of the following are possible effects of this decision in Country?

A.

The cost of living will fall.

B.

Employment in the coal industry will increase

C.

The balance of payment will improve.

D.

Government's revenue will improve.

E.

Coal producers will adopt new technologies to improve efficiency

F.

More resources will be allocated to alternative energy sources

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Question # 30

A market is in equilibrium. If the government imposes a minimum price above the equilibrium price, there will be:

A.

an extension in demand, a contraction in supply and a market shortage

B.

a decrease in demand, an extension in supply and a market surplus

C.

a contraction in demand, an increase in supply and a market surplus

D.

a contraction in demand, an extension in supply and market surplus

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Question # 31

If a central bank wished to increase the supply of money and credit in the economy it would:

A.

sell bonds and raise interest rates

B.

buy bonds and reduce interest rates

C.

sell bonds and reduce interest rates

D.

buy bonds and raise interest rates

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Question # 32

A government may try to reduce a balance of payments deficit on current account by using either expenditure-reducing policies or expenditure-switching policies.

Which of the following is an expenditure-reducing policy?

A.

Devaluation of the exchange rate

B.

Imposing tariffs and quotas on imports

C.

Export subsidies

D.

Higher income tax rates

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Question # 33

Which of the following equations is correct regarding interest rates?

A.

Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate + Expected inflation rate

B.

Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate + Market risk premium

C.

Nominal interest rate = Real interest rate + Expected inflation rate

D.

Nominal interest rate = Real interest rate + Market risk premium

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Question # 34

In a fully employed economy, which one of the following would lead to demand pull inflation?

A.

A reduction in the rate of income tax

B.

A rise in value added tax

C.

An increase in the world price of oil

D.

A rise in interest rates

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Question # 35

Which of the following influences explains why the average costs of a firm will rise in the short run?

A.

Diseconomies of scale

B.

Rising unit costs

C.

Diminishing marginal returns

D.

Diminishing returns to scale

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Question # 36

Identify which of the following features does not distinguish redeemable debt apart from equity:

A.

It has a face value which shows its value at redemption

B.

It will pay a regular set sum of interest

C.

It will have a maturity date when it will mature

D.

It will never be traded on an investment market

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Question # 37

Which of the following is not a source of long-term capital for a company?

A.

Retained profits

B.

Dividends

C.

Term loans

D.

Issuing corporate bonds

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Question # 38

Which of the following is most likely to increase rather than to reduce market imperfections?

A.

An increase in the number of buyers and sellers in a market

B.

A lowering of entry barriers separating markets

C.

Informative advertising giving way to persuasive advertising

D.

Employers making greater use of the Internet to advertise job vacancies

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Question # 39

When the government intervenes in the market economy to correct a market failure

A.

Economic welfare always increases

B.

The problem of government failure may result

C.

In all cases the market mechanism ceases to function

D.

The intervention always creates a surplus

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Question # 40

All of the following factors contribute to the instability of agricultural prices except which ONE?

A.

Agricultural products have low price elasticities of supply

B.

Output is affected by non-controllable factors such as climate

C.

Supply decisions are based on the prices of the present time period

D.

Markets have a low price elasticity of demand

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Question # 41

All of the following are features of an economic union (for example, the European union) except which one?

A.

A fixed exchange rate relative to non union currencies.

B.

Free movement of goods and services between member states.

C.

A common external tariff.

D.

Free movement of factors of production between member states.

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Question # 42

Which of the following is an example of reflationary monetary policy?

A.

Lowering interest rates in order to boost the economy during a recession.

B.

Introducing a tax on financial transactions in order to reduce the volume of speculative transactions

C.

Increasing investment in education in order to improve the long term competitiveness of the economy

D.

Reducing government expenditure in order to rem in a budget deficit

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Question # 43

Which of the following best describes a project that has a negative Net Present Value?

A.

A loss making project

B.

A project that doesn't make enough profit to pay the interest on the money borrowed to invest in it

C.

A project that doesn't make sufficient returns to fully compensate investors for the funds they invest in it

D.

A project that will only start making profits after the present year has finished

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Question # 44

RubTech has decided to build a new rubber production facility just outside the semi-rural town of Pettisbury. The majority of workers at the plant are to be sourced from abroad.

Which of the following could potentially be negative externalities of the decision to build the production facility?

A.

Production processes

B.

Rood congestion

C.

The decision to source workers from abroad

D.

Antisocial behaviour

E.

The high unemployment rate in the local area

F.

The poor infrastructure in the local area

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Question # 45

The company flowbo Ltd. currently owns 25 bonds with a total nominal value of £1,000. The bill rate is currently 7%. The market value of the bonds is currently 14.5% higher than the nominal value of each individual bond

plus the bill rate.

Which of these is the difference between the nominal value of the bonds plus the bill rate payout and the market value of each bond?

Express your answer in whole pounds.

A.

£1,021

B.

£1,070

C.

£1,225.15

D.

£1,155.12

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Question # 46

The economy of Country V is initially in equilibrium at a level of national income and employment denoted by Y, at price level denoted by P If there is an increase in aggregate demand, indicate on the graph below the new equilibrium point in the economy.

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Question # 47

Company X's government has seen the the balance of payments deficit steadily rising while they have been in power.

Which of the following would be a good policy to implement to counteract this?

A.

Decrease the interest rates across the whole economy to limit foreign investment

B.

Reduce bureaucracy by removing quotas and obligations for imported goods

C.

Increase the rate of income tax by 10% in each bracket

D.

Increase the rate of interest in the economy by 5%

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Question # 48

Golden Crisp Cereals has calculated that its demand price elasticity is -1.4. It wants to expand in order to produce more cereal and hence increase its sales.

Which of the following are ways in which Golden Crisp Cereals could expand in the short run?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

Lease cereal-producing equipment at a fixed price for the next six months

B.

Lease a small factory at a fixed price in order to increase production capacity

C.

Construct a new factory, increasing both staff within the business and the company's production capacity

D.

Invest in research and development so as to perfect the cereal-making process and maintain the company's position as a market leader

E.

Build a long-term marketing strategy involving social media to boost product awareness and hence sales

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Question # 49

The interest rate at TrowBank is currently running at 7%. The number of customers borrowing to invest has fallen drastically.

Which of the following explains why this is the case?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

The high interest rate means that it is more expensive to borrow to invest

B.

Many customers have decided to save rather than invest due to the high interest rate

C.

The high interest rate means customers are less confident about investing

D.

The high interest rate has caused prices to rise, meaning customers have not got enough disposable cash to make investments

E.

The high interest rate has resulted in customers' purchasing power decreasing

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Question # 50

The government has set a maximum house price due to a massive house price rise in the last decade. This is denoted by the line Q1Q2 on the graph.

Which of the following may occur in light of the introduction of the maximum house price as it appears on the graph?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

There will be a shortage of housing supply in Lingford.

B.

A 'black market' may develop in housing, meaning the maximum price is ignored.

C.

There will be a surplus of housing supply in Lingford.

D.

Landowners will continue to build residential properties at the same rate as before the maximum price was implemented.

E.

It is not likely that the maximum house price will need some sort of reform in the near future.

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Question # 51

'The £ has risen against other currencies since August, defying forecasters who thought that the UK's widening trade deficit must cause the £'s exchange rate to fall.'

From the above information, it can be concluded that, since August

A.

UK exports have become less price competitive

B.

The UK inflation rate has increased

C.

UK interest rates must have increased

D.

The strengthening pound has improved the UK balance of payments on current account

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Question # 52

Betsy's Fish Foods Pic. has issued shares in a prospectus.

Which of the following are benefits of selling shares in this manner?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

It allows companies to open up its investor base

B.

It allows more investors to receive profits in the form of dividends from the company

C.

It allows the company to sell shares at a discounted price

D.

It allows the company to sell shares to larger private firms who can invest more money into the company

E.

It allows the company to sell second-hand shares

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Question # 53

The government of Vencia has set out in its Budget a restrictive set of fiscal policies. These include raising VAT and the basic rate of income tax to 25%. The Bank of Vencia must now implement this Budget as monetary

policy.

Which of the following best outlines how the Bank of Vencia might do this?

A.

Halt all ongoing quantitative easing programmes, buy bonds at a higher interest rate and sell treasury bills

B.

Implement quantitative easing programmes, sell bonds and buy treasury bills

C.

Lower the capital adequacy ratio, increasing banks' lending power

D.

Implement quantitative easing programmes, buy bonds and treasury bills

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Question # 54

West Morton Rail has calculated that the number of passengers travelling on their railway increases during school holidays, while the inverse is true for most other railways in the country.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for this unusual correlation?

A.

West Morton Rail is a heritage railway, meaning it will receive more passengers as rates of tourism increase during the school holidays

B.

West Morton Rail is situated in a town where there are very few schools

C.

West Morton Rail has a special discount for passengers using their service during the school holidays

D.

West Morton Rail receives less revenue than other railway services

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Question # 55

The Lingford Miracle Association is a registered charity. It is closely associated with Lingford General Hospital. The charity has a number of goals.

Which of the following could potentially be goals set out by the Lingford Miracle Association given the information about the organisation that has been outlined?

A.

To provide care for those who are terminally ill

B.

To maintain a reasonable profit which can then be given as dividends to shareholders

C.

To use the funding provided by government to further the primary cause of the organisation

D.

To offer bonuses to the managing director of the organisation when a certain number of sales is reached in a year

E.

To encourage members of the public to invest in the organisation through buying shares

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Question # 56

Beth wants to take out an annuity in order to be able to leave more money to her children when she passes away. She has looked at three annuities with different payout rates.

Annuity A pays out £5340 each year over 14 years

Annuity B pays out £4900 each year over 9 years

Annuity C pays out £5445.64 each year over 20 years

The current interest rate is 8%.

Of these, which annuity would have the highest net present value and hence pay out more money for Beth over its lifetime?

A.

£53,460.10

B.

£44,024.23

C.

£30,609.75

D.

£60,455.63

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Question # 57

The component bar chart displaying sales revenues for different types of product sold by Pills Pharmaceuticals shows that the poorest performing products are its medical devices.

Which of the following may be reasons for this?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

The company does not specialise in selling medical devices to hospitals

B.

The company has only recently started to develop and sell medical devices and equipment

C.

The company may be winding up its development and distribution of medical devices and equipment

D.

The company may be facing a public relations crisis which is turning away members of the public who would

E.

otherwise be interested in buying these products

F.

The company may be involved in a standards dispute in terms of over-inflated prices for its medical devices

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Question # 58

The World Bank is an international financial institution, controlled by governments, that lends money to developing nations to allow them to afford to build infrastructure and industries that will enable them to become richer countries over the following decades.

Identify the function being performed by the World Bank.

A.

Helping countries overcome the lack of synchronization between payments and receipts over the long run

B.

Channeling funds from deficit countries to surplus countries

C.

Enabling developed countries to transform their financial risks

D.

Enabling maturity transformation

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Question # 59

Which of the following statements about supply-side economics is correct?

A.

Supply-side policies are part of aggregate demand management policies.

B.

Fiscal policy cannot be used as a part of supply-side policy

C.

Supply-side economists always reject the use of policy to expand demand

D.

Supply-side policies are used to improve the economy's efficiency and competitiveness

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Question # 60

The consequences of globalization for national economies include all of the following except which one?

A.

Greater independence in economic policy making.

B.

Increased international trade and capital flows.

C.

Greater synchronization of trade cycles.

D.

Increased vulnerability to external economic shocks.

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Question # 61

All of the following are characteristics of a recession except which one?

A.

Rising levels of unemployment.

B.

Increased inflationary pressure.

C.

Improving trade balances.

D.

Increased government budget deficits.

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Question # 62

Identify from the list below the financial instrument that is not a method of government borrowing:

A.

Cash (i.e. notes and coins)

B.

Taxation

C.

Contributions to state-provided pensions

D.

Government bonds

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Question # 63

What is described by the following definition 'the total accumulated amount the state owes to lenders in its own country and internationally'?

A.

The national debt

B.

The fiscal deficit

C.

The balance of payments deficit

D.

The structural deficit

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Question # 64

As the process of globalization increases, typical businesses will

A.

Depend more and more on their domestic markets.

B.

Have to raise more capital from internal sources.

C.

Have less need to increase their international competitiveness.

D.

Be more and more affected by changes in exchange rates.

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Question # 65

A forward exchange contract would be appropriate (or a company that

A.

is due to receive a payment denominated in foreign currency today

B.

is due to receive a large payment denominated in foreign currency in five months' time

C.

is worried that its products are becoming less competitive due to a general appreciation of the domestic currency over lime

D.

is expected to pay a substantial amount denominated in national currency to a foreign creditor m six months' time

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Question # 66

A business has a short-term problem with its payments exceeding its receipts. Which TWO of the following would be appropriate for meeting this financial shortfall?

A.

A bank overdraft

B.

A bill of exchange

C.

A mortgage

D.

Issuing shares

E.

A leasing arrangement

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Question # 67

Which of the following describes the effect an interest rate rise may have on a company?

A.

Prices will have to increase due to increased inflationary pressures

B.

Sales will increase as consumers have stable incomes in the short term.

C.

The cost of financing projects through loans will increase

D.

The cost of holding stock will reduce

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Question # 68

Which of the following are the likely consequences, in the domestic of a county, of an increase in interest rates?

1. A rise in demand for capital goods

2. A fall in demand for consumer good.

3. A fall in demand for housing

4. A rise in the exchange rate.

A.

2,3 and 4

B.

1, 3 and 4

C.

1, 2 and 4

D.

1, 2 and 3

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Question # 69

Following the emergence of the global banking crisis in 2007 many central banks undertook quantitative easing through purchasing bonds back from banks with new money. Which function of a central bank does this describe?

A.

Banker to the banking system

B.

Supervision of the banking system

C.

Banker to the government

D.

Lender of last resort to the banking system

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Question # 70

The linking of net savers with net borrows is known as:

A.

financial intermediation

B.

the savings function

C.

money transfer

D.

credit creation

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