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BCABA Questions and Answers

Question # 6

Jamie frequently falls to the floor and screams at school. Preliminary behavioral assessment data indicate that his tantrums are maintained by attention and escape from demand situations. Jamie's behavior analyst wants to examine precisely how attention and escape conditions affect these behaviors. The behavior analyst does not want to conduct the analysis in Jamie's classroom because she would not be able to control for potentially important factors. Relating to this scenario, which statement is TRUE?

A.

Analyses that involve experimental conditions are almost always conducted in the person's natural environment.

B.

The behavior analyst could conduct the analysis in a vacant classroom, but the generality of the findings is an issue to be considered.

C.

The behavior analyst should conduct detailed interviews with the teacher and school staff to determine functional relations.

D.

Only if the analysis is conducted in Jamie's classroom can a reasonable hypothesis be generated.

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Question # 7

The BEST definition for mouthing behavior would be any instance of LukE.

A.

placing his mouth on any object for at least 5 seconds.

B.

placing his open mouth on a non-nutritive object or placing a non-nutritive object in his mouth.

C.

making contact with his mouth to any non-nutritive object.

D.

mouthing a non-nutritive item for 3 or more consecutive instances within a 30 second interval.

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Question # 8

A mand is:

A.

a demand for attention.

B.

a verbal operant which specifies its reinforcer.

C.

verbal behavior elicited by a particular reinforcer.

D.

a verbal response which changes the value of a reinforcer.

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Question # 9

Missy has learned that if she is thirsty and wants juice, she says, "Juice" and gets juice. The connection between saying "Juice" and receiving juice is BEST described as:

A.

a behavior chain.

B.

an establishing operation.

C.

a functional relationship.

D.

respondent conditioning.

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Question # 10

When using time out in a classroom, which of the following should be considered?

A.

Escape behavior could be punished.

B.

Positive reinforcement for the teacher is likely to contribute to increased duration of time out.

C.

The technique is easily abused and needs to be monitored and supervised carefully.

D.

For children who are relatively non-disruptive and for innocuous behavior time out is optimal.

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Question # 11

Three boys with autism, ages 7–10 years old, served as participants in a study. During baseline, staff used response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until attempts ceased for 1 minute. During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head-banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour. Treatment comprised a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) schedule coupled with response blocking after every head-banging or aggression. The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while continuing to take a baseline on aggression. After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the staff then applied the treatment to aggression.

What is the independent variable?

A.

DRI schedule with instruction on the incompatible behavior

B.

DRI schedule and response blocking

C.

rate of the incompatible behavior

D.

number of head-bangs and aggressions per hour

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Question # 12

Andrea has limited speech abilities. She has been attending speech therapy and is required to perform speech exercises at home. Other than her training sessions, Andrea chooses to remain essentially non-verbal. One evening, Andrea's sister called to invite Andrea on an outing. Andrea listened to her sister's invitation over the phone and nodded in excitement. Andrea's mother pointed out that her sister could not see her through the phone and that Andrea would need to speak so that her sister would know if she wanted to go. Andrea then said, "Yes, I want." This is a form oF.

A.

contextual manipulation.

B.

direct instruction.

C.

incidental teaching.

D.

whole task training.

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Question # 13

During three 30-minute observations, Linda gouged her eye 8, 17, and 12 times, respectively. Each incident lasted between 1 and 3 seconds, with an average duration of 1.3 seconds. Which is the BEST dimension to continue to measure?

A.

duration

B.

inter-response time

C.

latency

D.

rate

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Question # 14

Teaching a receptive-identification task falls in the category of _____ instruction.

A.

tact

B.

mand

C.

listener

D.

intraverbal

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Question # 15

Mrs. Carr's 4-year-old son, Jack, often interrupted her and asked her to play with him. Mrs. Carr would tell Jack that she would play later, but she often followed him and played for a few minutes. On a very busy day, Mrs. Carr told Jack that she could not play with him. Jack began to cry and ran out of the room. Mrs. Carr followed him, calmed him down, and played for a few minutes. This pattern was repeated several times so Mrs. Carr decided to be firm with Jack and to ignore future interruptions. The next day Jack came in sobbing and screaming, “Play now!” Mrs. Carr gave in and played with him. The most likely explanation for Jack’s increasingly disruptive behavior is that:

A.

Mrs. Carr has used respondent conditioning to train Jack to scream for attention.

B.

Jack is experiencing an extinction burst which will cease shortly.

C.

Mrs. Carr has accidentally shaped a more intense interrupting behavior from Jack.

D.

Mrs. Carr has negatively reinforced Jack’s interrupting because he stops screaming when played with.

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Question # 16

Which is the BEST description of the results obtained during the second session of the baseline condition?

A.

The behavior had an increasing trend.

B.

The frequency was 7.

C.

The level was low.

D.

The behavior was stable.

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Question # 17

Which of the following is an example of a listener response?

A.

At dinner time, the client says "fork, please."

B.

The client labels "fork" when not instructed to do so.

C.

The client repeats the word "fork" throughout the day.

D.

Staff says, "pick up your fork," and the client picks up his or her fork.

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Question # 18

A behavior analyst is investigating fixed ratio schedules of praise delivery to determine which is most effective for changing the rate of question-asking by a 10-year-old child. This is an example oF.

A.

an applied analysis of behavior.

B.

an experimental social program.

C.

a social learning program.

D.

a stimulus control program.

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Question # 19

Echoic behavior is controlled by a

A.

non-verbal stimulus, the response matches that stimulus, and reinforcer is specific.

B.

verbal stimulus, the response matches that stimulus, and reinforcer is non-specific.

C.

verbal stimulus, the response matches that stimulus, and reinforcer is specific.

D.

verbal stimulus, the response does not match that stimulus, and reinforcer is non-specific.

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Question # 20

For which of the following would it be appropriate to measure duration?

A.

Amy responds very slowly to instructions during her discrete trials teaching sessions.

B.

Ethan leaves his work station and wanders around the building.

C.

Sarah takes so long to begin her math assignments in class that she is never able to finish on time.

D.

Ryan is trying to increase the speed of his typing at the computer keyboard.

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Question # 21

Narrative recording is used to compilE.

A.

data on various tasks the person can perform, such as putting on a shirt or tying shoe laces, to further identify skills training goals.

B.

demographic data such as age, marital status, sex, and educational experience and to identify appropriate interventions.

C.

information, which can be used to set inclusion goals, concerning proximity and social contacts with non-disabled peers in segregated settings.

D.

a running account of the behaviors and environmental circumstances to identify further behaviors and related variables worthy of analysis.

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Question # 22

A behavior analyst is conducting research on the accuracy of a student's responding to written math problems based on the final answer with no scoring of intermediate calculations. Which is the BEST method for obtaining accurate inter-observer agreement results?

A.

Researcher and observer sit together to score the student's work.

B.

Photocopies of the student's work are scored independently by researcher and observer.

C.

The student's scratch paper is scored if researcher and observer do not agree on a response.

D.

Researcher scores the student's work and the observer reviews the researcher's scores for accuracy.

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Question # 23

When determining the specified time interval to prescribe at the start of a DRO intervention, which of the following dimensions of the target behavior is MOST relevant?

A.

latency

B.

frequency

C.

duration

D.

inter-response time

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Question # 24

A 4-year-old child is lying in bed at night while the parents are sitting in the living room talking to guests. The child begins to make loud noises. In the past, the parents have gone into the child's room to quiet him. The parents and guests agree to ignore the child completely and continue to talk. If the parents stick with this approach and the child stops making noises, the parents have successfully useD.

A.

time-out.

B.

planned ignoring.

C.

extinction.

D.

negative reinforcement.

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Question # 25

A behavior analyst for a local group home has a case involving a person who engages in spitting. First, the behavior analyst conducts a functional assessment and takes a week of baseline data. An intervention is designed and tested for two weeks. The behavior analyst then implements a brief return to baseline, followed by a return to the intervention. This process is primarily an example of which fundamental characteristic of behavior analysis?

A.

technological

B.

empiricism

C.

philosophic doubt

D.

parsimony

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Question # 26

A child with an advanced verbal repertoire exhibits aggression when asked to do a new math problem. In order to address the problem the behavior analyst shoulD.

A.

immediately remove the math problem.

B.

immediately show him the correct answer.

C.

implement a punishment procedure for aggression.

D.

teach the child an alternative escape response.

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Question # 27

Which verbal operants are most crucial in the development of vocal speech?

A.

intraverbals and tacts

B.

echoics and mands

C.

mandsand intraverbals

D.

tacts and echoics

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Question # 28

A behavior analyst is asked to review a point system to be used in an elementary school. According to the program, participation in extracurricular activities such as sports or choir is contingent upon earning "good citizen" points. "Good citizen" behaviors are clearly defined. Ethical standards should lead the behavior analyst to recommend which of the following with regard to earning extracurricular activities?

A.

Implement the contingency as designed.

B.

Modify the contingency to include points earned for academic performance.

C.

Obtain the consent of the students' parents.

D.

Require points to be earned outside the classroom.

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Question # 29

Which is NOT a characteristic of applied behavior analysis?

A.

describing behavior in a way that can be objectively measured

B.

precisely describing procedures and the rationales for using them

C.

an emphasis on the current function of the behavior in question

D.

reliably determining the variables that initially caused the behavior

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Question # 30

For which scenario would discrimination training be an appropriate behavior change strategy?

A.

Nathan hits others during math class but not during other classes.

B.

Peter loves to talk to his peers, which is very disruptive during church.

C.

Suzi refuses to eat dinner, but she does eat breakfast and lunch.

D.

Tabitha gloats when she wins a game and pouts when she loses.

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Question # 31

Which of the following could NOT function as an unconditioned punisher?

A.

a bitter taste

B.

social disapproval

C.

excessive stimulation

D.

physical restraint

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Question # 32

Steve is a behavior analyst working with staff members who are not implementing programs on a consistent basis. Staff report that the heavy workload interferes with their ability to run the programs consistently. What should Steve do FIRST to address this problem?

A.

Go to the direct supervisor and request that an incentive system be implemented for all staff.

B.

Begin to assess the staff's daily routine in order to identify any time conflicts that might exist.

C.

Revise the daily work schedules and routines, with the assistance of the supervisor, so that potential time conflicts can be avoided.

D.

Implement additional training for staff that are not able to perform to criterion.

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Question # 33

Margarita exhibited the following counts of maladaptive behaviors. The previously implemented procedure to help her (Procedure A) was discontinued on 10/5 and the present procedure (Procedure B) was implemented. Procedures were implemented 2 times per day (once in the morning and once in the evening) for 20 minutes per session.

The AM and PM data for each procedure were graphed separately. What can be inferred from the data?

A.

The data across Procedure A and Procedure B show no change or trend.

B.

The data for Procedure A show an increasing trend.

C.

The data for Procedure A show the desired change in behavior.

D.

The data for Procedure A suggest that it is more effective than Procedure B.

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Question # 34

The behavior analyst reviews Sandra's data and concludes that her behavior is spontaneous; that is, it occurs randomly, and not as a result of any other event(s).

Which of the assumptions underlying behavior analysis has been violated in this interpretation?

A.

determinism

B.

empiricism

C.

philosophic doubt

D.

parsimony

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Question # 35

Behavior that can be directly observed only by the person behaving is calleD.

A.

covert behavior.

B.

overt behavior.

C.

operant behavior.

D.

respondent behavior.

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Question # 36

Sammy is having a difficult time completing his independent math worksheet on two-digit division. He is frustrated and doesn't understand how to solve the equations.

Sammy raises his hand and asks for "help." The teacher assists Sammy. Sammy's asking for "help" is?

A.

receptive language.

B.

an intraverbal.

C.

an autoclitic.

D.

a mand.

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Question # 37

Intraverbal behavior is controlled by A.

A.

verbal stimulus; the behavior does not match that stimulus; and the reinforcer is non-specific.

B.

verbal stimulus; the behavior matches that stimulus; and the reinforcer is specific.

C.

verbal stimulus; the behavior matches that stimulus; and the reinforcer is non-specific.

D.

verbal stimulus; the behavior does not match that stimulus; and the reinforcer is specific.

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Question # 38

Deane's friend takes her to the mall every week. She frequently hugs people whom she does not know. The behavior analyst wants to use an intervention that includes reinforcement of appropriate behavior when Deane does something other than hugging. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate?

A.

Teach her friend to provide reinforcement when Deane greets others appropriately.

B.

The behavior analyst goes to the mall and gives tokens to Deane for appropriate interactions.

C.

Teach her friend to hug Deane when she appropriately interacts with others.

D.

Teach her friend to provide tokens for appropriate interactions.

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Question # 39

Mary Lee has been working on compliance. Given the same mand, in a 15-min. segment, Mary Lee complied with her teacher 4/5 times, her speech therapist, physical education teacher and mother 2/5 times. Six months later, given the same mand, in a 15-min. segment, Mary Lee complied with the bus driver 4/5 times, her physical therapist 4/5 times, the lunch lady 4/5 times and the vice-principal 4/5 times. This scenario is an example oF.

A.

response generalization.

B.

stimulus discrimination.

C.

stimulus generalization.

D.

stimulus equivalence.

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Question # 40

A parent reports that her 2-year-old daughter uses a number of stalling techniques to avoid bedtime once she is told to go to bed. What would be a good progress measure for going to bed when told?

A.

frequency

B.

inter-response time

C.

latency

D.

compliance

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