CloudSec-Pro Questions and Answers

The installation of the Prisma Cloud Console in a Kubernetes cluster involves a series of steps that start with preparing the necessary deployment configurations, typically provided as YAML files. The process begins by downloading and extracting the release tarball, which contains the necessary files and instructions for the deployment. After extracting the tarball, you generate YAML files for the Console deployment. These YAML files define the Kubernetes resources needed to deploy and run the Console, such as Deployments, Services, and ConfigMaps. Finally, you deploy the Console by applying the generated YAML files using the kubectl command, which communicates with the Kubernetes API to create the specified resources in your cluster.

This process is aligned with Kubernetes best practices for deploying applications and is indicative of the steps required for deploying complex applications like the Prisma Cloud Console. The method ensures that all necessary configurations and dependencies are correctly defined and deployed in the Kubernetes environment.

Prisma Cloud Compute Compliance enforcement for hosts covers several aspects to ensure a secure and compliant host environment, particularly within containerized environments. These include:

Docker daemon configuration files: Ensuring that Docker daemon configuration files are set up according to best security practices is crucial. These files contain various settings that control the behavior of the Docker daemon, and misconfigurations can lead to security vulnerabilities.

Docker daemon configuration: Beyond just the configuration files, the overall configuration of the Docker daemon itself is critical. This encompasses runtime settings and command-line options that determine how Docker containers are executed and managed on the host.

Host configuration: The security of the underlying host on which Docker and other container runtimes are installed is paramount. This includes the configuration of the host's operating system, network settings, file permissions, and other system-level settings that can impact the security of the containerized applications running on top.

By focusing on these areas, Prisma Cloud ensures that not just the containers but also the environment they run in is secure, adhering to compliance standards and best practices to mitigate risks associated with containerized deployments.

Prisma Cloud enables you to send notifications for new code and CI/CD security issues detected during periodic scans of your environments to messaging systems that you have integrated with Prisma Cloud. Supported messaging systems include Microsoft Teams, Slack, Splunk, JIRA, ServiceNow notification systems, as well as for webhooks.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/appsec-admin-guide/get-started/finetune-configuration-settings/enable-notifications

The asset inventory in cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud typically displays a wide range of cloud resources, including EC2 instances. EC2 instances are virtual servers in Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) for running applications on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure. The asset inventory provides visibility into these instances, allowing security teams to monitor their configuration, security posture, and compliance status. This visibility is crucial for identifying misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and ensuring that all EC2 instances adhere to the organization's security policies and compliance requirements.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-dashboards/asset-inventory

Within Prisma Cloud, when creating compliance reports, administrators have the flexibility to schedule the generation of these reports based on their specific needs. The available frequency options include "One-time," where a report is generated once at a specified time, and "Weekly," which allows for the recurring generation of reports on a weekly basis. These options provide organizations with the ability to tailor their compliance reporting to their operational requirements, ensuring that they have regular and up-to-date insights into their compliance posture.

To ingest host findings and generate alerts in Prisma Cloud, integrations with Tenable (B) and Qualys (D) are supported. These integrations allow Prisma Cloud to ingest vulnerability and compliance data from Tenable and Qualys, which are renowned vulnerability management solutions. By integrating these tools, Prisma Cloud can enhance its visibility into the security posture of hosts within the cloud environment, enabling more comprehensive threat detection and response capabilities. The integration facilitates the aggregation and correlation of findings from these external sources, enriching the overall security intelligence and enabling more informed and timely decision-making regarding threat mitigation and compliance management.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/configure-external-integrations-on-prisma-cloud/integrations-feature-support

In the context of Prisma Cloud, Build and Run policies serve distinct purposes in securing cloud environments. Build policies are designed to evaluate Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates before deployment. These policies help identify and remediate security misconfigurations in the development phase, ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed before the infrastructure is provisioned. This proactive approach enhances security by preventing misconfigurations from reaching production environments.

On the other hand, Run policies are applied to resources that are already deployed in the cloud. These policies continuously monitor the cloud environment, detecting and alerting on potential security issues that arise in the runtime. Run policies help maintain the security posture of cloud resources by identifying deviations from established security baselines and enabling quick remediation of identified issues.

Both Build and Run policies are integral to a comprehensive cloud security strategy, addressing security concerns at different stages of the cloud resource lifecycle—from development and deployment to ongoing operation.

The correct RQL query to view users who have sufficient permissions to create security groups within Azure AD and create applications is option D. This query is specifically designed to assess policies within Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) by checking the authorization policy settings related to user default role permissions. The query targets the azure-active-directory-authorization-policy API to fetch configurations (config from cloud.resource) and then filters those configurations based on the JSON rules that dictate whether users are allowed to create security groups (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateSecurityGroups is true) and applications (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateApps is true). This query provides a comprehensive check by ensuring both conditions are met, which is necessary for users to have the combined capabilities of creating security groups and applications within Azure AD.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and cloud security principles, the RQL (Resource Query Language) is utilized for querying the configuration state of resources within cloud environments to ensure compliance with security policies. The RQL syntax in option D precisely aligns with the requirements for identifying users with specific permissions, leveraging Prisma Cloud's capability to provide visibility and control over cloud resources, as emphasized in various resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools." These documents highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and validation of cloud resource configurations to maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment, which is effectively achieved through targeted RQL queries like the one in option D.

The Container Runtime Model in Prisma Cloud typically includes states such as Learning, Active, and Archived. The Learning state is where Prisma Cloud observes container behaviors to understand normal operations and establish a baseline. During this phase, the system is not actively enforcing security policies but is learning the typical behaviors and patterns of container activity. The Active state is where the system actively enforces security policies based on the learned behaviors and detected anomalies. Containers that exhibit suspicious or malicious activity that deviates from the baseline may trigger alerts or actions based on configured policies. The Archived state refers to containers that are no longer active but whose data and activity logs are retained for historical analysis or compliance purposes.

The image provided showcases a filtered compliance view, which is displaying only certain checks with varying severities and descriptions related to container and image compliance. Since the compliance rule was configured to enable all checks but only a subset of entries is visible, it implies that the current view is filtered to show specific entries. To obtain a comprehensive view of all checks, including those that have passed, the rule options must be adjusted. By selecting the option to list both failed and passed checks, one can gain complete visibility over the compliance status of the container, ensuring that no aspect of the compliance has been overlooked and that all necessary information is available for review.

Prisma Cloud has a REST API that enables you to access Prisma Cloud features programmatically. Most actions supported on the Prisma Cloud web interface are available with the REST API, refer to the Prisma Cloud REST API Reference for details about the REST API. https://pan.dev/prisma-cloud/api/cspm/

For scripting and programmatically querying user data and associated permission levels in a Prisma Cloud Enterprise tenant, the Prisma Cloud API Reference is the most relevant documentation. This reference guide provides detailed information on the available APIs, including those for user and permissions management. It outlines the necessary attributes, endpoints, and methods required to programmatically interact with the Prisma Cloud platform.

The API Reference is designed to help developers and administrators understand how to leverage the Prisma Cloud APIs to automate tasks, such as querying existing users and their permission levels. It includes examples and explanations that are crucial for writing effective scripts that integrate with the Prisma Cloud infrastructure.

While the Administrator’s Guides provide valuable information on managing the platform, the API Reference is specifically tailored for developers looking to automate and script interactions with Prisma Cloud services. Therefore, reviewing the Prisma Cloud API Reference will provide the necessary details to fulfill the DevSecOps team’s requirement1.

The attempted bytes count in Prisma Cloud's context refers to the amount of traffic that is either denied by security group or firewall rules, or the traffic that was reset by a host or virtual machine (VM) that received the packet and responded with a RST (Reset) packet (A). This metric is crucial for understanding the nature of blocked or interrupted traffic within the cloud environment, helping administrators identify potential security threats or misconfigurations that may be preventing legitimate traffic. It encompasses both the traffic actively blocked by security controls and the traffic that the receiving entity deemed invalid or unwanted, thus providing a comprehensive view of the network's defensive posture.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/waas_dos_protection

To utilize the automated method for remediation within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud, specifically for the Identity and Access Management (IAM) module, two critical actions are required: installing the boto3 and requests libraries, and configuring the IAM AWS remediation script.

The boto3 library is AWS's SDK for Python, allowing Python developers to write software that makes use of services like Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2. The requests library is a Python HTTP library designed for human beings, enabling easy interaction with HTTP services. Together, these libraries are foundational for scripting AWS services, including automating remediation tasks within IAM.

Configuring the IAM AWS remediation script is the second critical step. This script is tailored to interact with AWS IAM to automate the remediation of identified security issues, such as excessive permissions, unused IAM roles, or improperly configured policies. The script uses the boto3 library to communicate with AWS services, applying the necessary changes to align IAM configurations with security best practices.

These actions are essential for leveraging automation to enhance IAM security within AWS, ensuring that IAM configurations adhere to the principle of least privilege and other security best practices. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities and recommendations for cloud security, emphasizing the importance of automation in maintaining a robust security posture, as discussed in resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools."

In the context of Defend > Compliance > Containers and Images > CI within Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks, the compliance checks are focused on the security posture and compliance of container images. Therefore, the type of compliance check available under this section would be related to Images, ensuring they adhere to security best practices and compliance standards before being deployed.

Prisma Cloud supports configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) with Identity Providers (IdPs) to streamline user authentication processes. However, for all the cloud accounts monitored by Prisma Cloud, only one IdP provider can be enabled at any given time. This limitation ensures a unified authentication mechanism across the platform, reducing complexity and potential security risks associated with managing multiple IdP configurations.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/compute-edition/31/admin-guide/configure/disaster-recovery

In scenarios where a backup is created manually before upgrading a self-hosted console, it is crucial to restore the system using the backup that matches the version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console from which it was taken. This ensures compatibility and integrity of the data and configurations. Using a backup with a different version of the console may lead to inconsistencies or loss of information due to potential changes in the software's data structures or features between versions. Therefore, to ensure a successful restoration, the backup must be applied to the same version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console that it was created from.

Upon enabling alarms in Prisma Cloud, two critical alarm types that are registered are Onboarded Cloud Accounts status (A) and External integrations status (D). These alarms are pivotal for maintaining the health and security of the cloud environment. The Onboarded Cloud Accounts status alarms alert administrators about the connectivity and health of cloud accounts integrated with Prisma Cloud, ensuring continuous monitoring and security coverage. The External integrations status alarms provide notifications regarding the operational status of third-party services and tools integrated with Prisma Cloud, such as SIEMs, ticketing systems, or other security tools, ensuring that these integrations function correctly to support comprehensive security and incident response workflows.

The "Data" policy type in Prisma Cloud is specifically designed to protect against threats related to data, including malware. These policies focus on securing data at rest and in transit, implementing data loss prevention (DLP) mechanisms, and scanning data stores and payloads for malicious content. By employing data policies, Prisma Cloud ensures that data stored within cloud environments is safeguarded against unauthorized access, exfiltration, and malware, thereby maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive information.

In the context of setting anomaly alert intensities in Prisma Cloud, an intensity setting of "Medium" could be used for the measurement of 100 events over 30 days. This setting indicates a moderate level of anomaly detection sensitivity, which is suitable for environments where there is a need to balance between detecting potential security issues and minimizing false positives.

1 -Create Stack

2 - Ener SNS Topic in Cloudtrail

3 - Create Cloudtrail with S3 as Storage

4 - Enter RoleARN and SNSARN

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/cspm-admin-guide/prisma-cloud-data-security/enable-data-security-module/enable-data-security-for-aws-org-account

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/prisma-cloud-alert-resolution-reasons

In Prisma Cloud, POLICY_UPDATED is a valid reason for the dismissal of an alert. This reason indicates that an alert can be dismissed if the policy that triggered the alert has been updated. When a policy is updated to no longer apply to certain resources or conditions, any open alerts that were generated based on the previous version of the policy may be dismissed as they are no longer relevant.

The other options, such as SNOOZED_AUTO_CLOSE, ALERT_RULE_ADDED, and USER_DELETED, are not standard reasons for the dismissal of an alert in Prisma Cloud. SNOOZED_AUTO_CLOSE refers to the temporary suspension of an alert, ALERT_RULE_ADDED is related to the creation of a new alert rule, and USER_DELETED would pertain to the removal of a user account, not directly to alert dismissal.

The correct construction for a container scan using the TwistCLI tool provided by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) is shown in option C. This command uses the TwistCLI tool to scan a container image, specifying the necessary authentication credentials (username and password with '-u' and '-p' flags), the address of the Prisma Cloud instance (with the '--address' flag), and the image to be scanned (in this case, 'myimage/latest'). The inclusion of the '--details' flag is a common practice to obtain detailed scan results, which is crucial for in-depth analysis and remediation efforts. This command structure aligns with the standard usage of TwistCLI for image scanning purposes, as documented in Prisma Cloud's official resources and guides.

In Prisma Cloud, the capability to scan serverless functions, such as AWS Lambda functions, for vulnerabilities is an integral part of ensuring cloud security posture management (CSPM) and compliance. Specifically, option C is correct because Prisma Cloud provides a dedicated section for defining policies related to serverless function vulnerabilities under the "Defend > Vulnerabilities > Functions" page. This feature allows administrators to create and manage policies that automatically scan serverless functions for known vulnerabilities, ensuring that the functions comply with the organization's security standards before they are deployed. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security model that covers various aspects of cloud security, including serverless functions, as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions

In the SecOps dashboard of a cloud security platform like Prisma Cloud, filters such as Time range and Account Groups are essential for narrowing down the data or security alerts based on specific time periods or organizational structures. The Time range filter allows users to view incidents or compliance data for a particular timeframe, facilitating trend analysis and focusing on recent events. The Account Groups filter enables the segregation of data based on different cloud accounts or organizational units, making it easier for security teams to manage and prioritize security tasks according to the business structure or cloud architecture.

Onboarding an account for Data Security involves several critical steps to ensure comprehensive coverage and effective monitoring. The steps involved include B. Create a Cloudtrail with SNS Topic to track and manage API calls and relevant notifications, D. Enter the RoleARN and SNSARN to provide necessary access and integration points for data security functions, and E. Create a S3 bucket which serves as a storage solution for logging and data capture essential for security analysis.

When an administrator adds a Cloud account to Prisma Cloud and then deletes it, if the deleted account is added back to Prisma Cloud within a 24-hour period, the existing alerts associated with that account will be displayed again. This behavior ensures continuity in monitoring and alerting, allowing security teams to retain visibility into potential security issues or compliance violations associated with the cloud account. Re-displaying existing alerts helps maintain a consistent security posture and ensures that no critical alerts are overlooked during the re-addition process.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/view-respond-to-prisma-cloud-alerts

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/cspm-admin-guide/prisma-cloud-iam-security/context-used-to-calculate-effective-permissions

To receive daily email alerts for all policy violations, the SOC team should configure an alert rule that encompasses all policies and sets the notification frequency to once per day. This can be achieved by:

Navigating to the “Policies” tab within the alert rule configuration and selecting “All Policies” to ensure that the rule applies to every policy.

Moving to the “Set Alert Notifications” tab and choosing the “Email” notification method.

Setting the notification to “Recurring” with a frequency of every 1 day.

Enabling the email notification by specifying the recipient’s email address.

This configuration ensures that the SOC team will receive a consolidated email once a day that includes information on all policies that have been violated, rather than receiving multiple alerts throughout the day as new violations occur. It allows the team to review the compliance status efficiently and prioritize their response accordingly.

You can define up to 5 CLI commands in a sequence for a multi-step automatic remediation workflow. Add the commands in the sequence you want them to execute and separate the commands with a semi colon. If any CLI command included in the sequence fails, the execution stops at that point.

The Prisma Cloud platform allows administrators to define up to 5 CLI commands in a sequence for a multi-step automatic remediation workflow. These commands should be added in the order they are intended to be executed and must be separated by a semicolon. If any CLI command in the sequence fails during execution, the process stops at that point. This feature enables administrators to automate the remediation process efficiently and effectively, ensuring that actions are taken in a specific order to address alerts or compliance issues.

This capability is detailed in the Prisma Cloud documentation under the section for configuring Prisma Cloud to automatically remediate alerts. It’s an important feature for maintaining security and compliance in cloud environments, as it allows for quick and automated responses to identified issues.

To view the vulnerabilities identified on a host, navigating to the "Monitor > Vulnerabilities > Hosts" section within the Prisma Cloud Console is the correct approach. This section is specifically designed to provide a comprehensive overview of all detected vulnerabilities within the host environment, offering detailed insights into each vulnerability's nature, severity, and potential impact.

This pathway allows users to efficiently assess the security posture of their hosts, prioritize vulnerabilities based on their severity, and take appropriate remediation actions. The "Hosts" section under "Vulnerabilities" is tailored to display vulnerabilities related to host configurations, installed software, and other host-level security concerns, making it the ideal location within the Prisma Cloud Console for this purpose.

The Run policies monitor resources and check for potential issues once these cloud resources are deployed Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates and ensure that these issues do not make their way into production. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/create-a-policy

B. Build policies: These are designed to identify insecure configurations in your Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates, such as AWS CloudFormation, HashiCorp Terraform, and Kubernetes App manifests. The goal of build policies is to detect security issues early in the development process, before the actual resources are deployed in runtime environments. This helps ensure that security issues are identified and remediated before they can affect production1.

D. Run policies: These policies are focused on monitoring the deployed cloud resources and checking for potential issues during their operation. Run policies are essential for ongoing security and compliance in the production environment, as they provide visibility into the actual state of resources and their activities1.

Run and Network policies (A) are indeed part of the configuration policy set, but they do not highlight the difference between build and run policies. Similarly, while Run policies do monitor network activities ©, this statement does not contrast them with Build policies.

Enabling the "block" option under compliance checks on a host in Prisma Cloud signifies a strict enforcement policy, where any container that violates specified compliance checks will be prevented from starting on that host. This preventive measure is crucial for maintaining a secure and compliant cloud environment, ensuring that only containers that meet the organization's compliance and security standards are allowed to run. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's proactive security posture management, where potential risks are mitigated before they can impact the cloud environment​​.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/compliance/manage_compliance

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions You can also use the twistcli command line utility to scan your serverless functions. First download your serverless function as a ZIP file, then run: $ twistcli serverless scan

https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/prisma-cloud/cloud-iac-build-policies/

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/audit/audit_admin_activity

POST https://api.prismacloud.io/login

GET https://api.prismacloud.io/access_keys

PATCH https://api.prismacloud.io/access_keys/ /status/

To write a script that automatically deactivates access keys that have not been used for 30 days, an administrator would need to follow an ordered sequence of API calls to the Prisma Cloud platform.

The first API call must authenticate the script with the Prisma Cloud API, which is typically done using a POST request to the login endpoint. This step is necessary to establish a session and retrieve an authentication token required for subsequent API calls.

Once the script is authenticated, the next call is a GET request to the access_keys endpoint. This retrieves a list of all access keys within the environment. The script can then parse through these keys to determine which ones have not been used within the specified timeframe of 30 days.

For each access key that meets the criteria (unused for 30 days), the script must send a PATCH request to the specific access key's endpoint, which includes the access key ID and the desired status. This request will change the status of the access key to 'inactive' or a similar status that denotes deactivation.

Following this ordered sequence ensures that the script systematically authenticates, evaluates, and updates the status of access keys based on their usage, thereby maintaining security and compliance within the Prisma Cloud environment.

To protect the pods hosting a web front end from Layer 7 attacks, the development team should create a Web Application and API Security (WAAS) rule targeted at the image name of the pods. This approach allows the policy to specifically protect the applications running within the pods against sophisticated attacks that target the application layer.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/deploy_waas

The "overly permissive service access" compliance check is specifically designed to evaluate and ensure that cloud services are not granted more permissions than necessary, which could lead to potential security risks. Among the listed options, Amazon Web Services (AWS) is known for its extensive service offerings and the complexity of its Identity and Access Management (IAM) configurations. Prisma Cloud, a comprehensive cloud security platform by Palo Alto Networks, provides extensive support for AWS, including checks for overly permissive service access. This ensures that AWS environments adhere to the principle of least privilege, reducing the attack surface by limiting access to the minimum necessary to perform required tasks. Prisma Cloud's capabilities in AWS environments are detailed in various resources, including documentation and guides provided by Palo Alto Networks, which highlight its effectiveness in identifying and mitigating risks associated with excessive permissions in AWS services.

Click Delete if you want to remove the notification from the alarm center. Once deleted, a similar alarm will not appear for the next 24 hours, if the same error occurs in that time period. After 24 hours, a similar error will generate a new alarm notification. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alarms/review-alarms

Prisma Cloud integrates with various secret managers to manage sensitive information such as passwords, tokens, and keys. However, it cannot integrate with IBM Secret Manager. The other options, Azure Key Vault, HashiCorp Vault, and AWS Secret Manager, are supported for integration with Prisma Cloud, providing secure storage and handling of secrets.

By default, Prisma Cloud's vulnerability policy is configured to alert on all detected vulnerabilities across containers and images, without filtering based on the severity of the vulnerabilities. This default setting ensures that administrators are made aware of all potential security issues, providing them with comprehensive visibility into the security posture of their environment. Administrators can then assess and prioritize these vulnerabilities based on their context, severity, and impact on the organization's assets​​.

The twistcli tool, part of Prisma Cloud's suite of security tools, supports various platforms for security scanning and configuration. The correct platforms supported by twistcli include:

A. Linux: twistcli is widely used on Linux platforms for scanning container images, host vulnerabilities, and more, making it a correct choice.

B. Windows: twistcli supports Windows, allowing users to perform security scans and checks on Windows-based systems, making it a correct choice.

D. MacOS: twistcli is also compatible with MacOS, enabling security operations on Apple's operating system, making it a correct choice. Option C (Android) and E (Solaris) are not supported platforms for the twistcli tool, according to the available documentation on Prisma Cloud.

The correct command to scan the nginx:latest image for vulnerabilities and compliance issues using the Prisma Cloud twistcli tool is shown in Option D. This command uses twistcli images scan with specified parameters for the console address, username, and password, and it outputs the results to a file named scan-results.json. This allows for the scanning results to be saved and reviewed in a structured format, which aids in further analysis and tracking of vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

In the case of identifying a cryptominer attack through container audits, the options that could have generated this audit include B. High CPU usage over time for the container is detected, which is a common indicator of cryptomining activity as it consumes significant computational resources, C. Common cryptominer process name was found, which directly indicates the presence of cryptomining based on known malicious processes, and E. Common cryptominer port usage was found, suggesting cryptomining activity based on network behavior typical of such attacks.

The data security dashboard in Prisma Cloud provides a comprehensive overview of the security posture related to cloud data storage. However, certain information types, such as the identity of the bucket owner and the actual content within an object, are not typically displayed on such dashboards. This is because the dashboard focuses more on aggregated data profiles, exposure levels, and compliance-related information rather than individual ownership details or the specific content of objects, which may require separate detailed analysis or are managed through different security mechanisms.

In Prisma Cloud, the "Monitor > Compliance" menu is the centralized location where administrators can verify the status of custom compliance checks, along with predefined compliance standards and frameworks. This section provides a comprehensive view of the organization's compliance posture, displaying whether specific compliance checks are passing or failing. It allows for detailed insights into compliance status across cloud environments, helping administrators identify areas of non-compliance, understand the reasons behind compliance failures, and take corrective actions to address any identified issues.

In Prisma Cloud, the list of people who are receiving e-mails for alerts is managed within the configuration of individual Alert Rules.

Option D: Set Alert Notification section within an Alert Rule is where administrators can specify the e-mail recipients for alerts generated by Prisma Cloud. This section allows for the customization of alert notifications, including the selection of recipients who should receive email notifications when an alert is triggered. This granularity ensures that the right stakeholders are informed about specific security incidents or compliance violations, facilitating timely and appropriate responses.

In Prisma Cloud, roles with access to view policies include Auditor and Dev SecOps. The Auditor role is typically focused on compliance and oversight, allowing users to review configurations, policies, and compliance status without making changes. The Dev SecOps role bridges the gap between development, security, and operations, focusing on integrating security practices within the CI/CD pipeline. Both roles require access to Prisma Cloud policies to perform their functions effectively, ensuring that security and compliance are maintained throughout the cloud environment and application lifecycle.

Adoption Advisor is a feature within Prisma Cloud that provides organizations with guidance on adopting various security capabilities based on their unique needs and the stage they are at in their cloud security journey. It doesn't enforce a fixed pace but rather suggests a tailored path for enhancing security posture, taking into account the organization's specific requirements and the complexity of their cloud environment. The Adoption Advisor supports a broad range of security capabilities, encompassing Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), Cloud Workload Protection (CWP), Cloud Code Security (CCS), Out-of-Band (OEM), and Data Security. This comprehensive approach ensures that organizations can secure their cloud environments effectively across different phases of the application lifecycle, from development to deployment, and across various cloud resources and services.

The correct construction for scanning a container image using the TwistCLI tool in Prisma Cloud is option B. This command specifies the address of the Prisma Cloud Console and the image to be scanned, including its tag. The TwistCLI tool is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to integrate security into the CI/CD pipeline, allowing for the scanning of images for vulnerabilities as part of the build process, thus ensuring that only secure images are deployed​​.

The Prisma Cloud documentation specifies the actions that can be taken for container image scanning compliance rules as:

C. Block: This action prevents the use of a container image if it fails to meet the defined compliance criteria.

D. Ignore: This action allows the image to bypass the compliance check, effectively overlooking the identified issues.

E. Alert: This action triggers an alert to notify the relevant stakeholders about the compliance status of the container image.

These actions are integral to Prisma Cloud’s governance capabilities, allowing organizations to enforce their security and compliance policies effectively. By setting up these rules, teams can ensure that only images that comply with their standards are deployed, while also having the flexibility to ignore certain images or receive alerts for further investigation.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/compliance/trusted_images

When you create an access key, the key is tied to the role with which you logged in and if you delete the role, the access key is automatically deleted. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-administrators/create-access-keys

To achieve immediate notification for "High Severity" alerts for a specific account group via Slack, the steps outlined in option A provide a comprehensive and effective approach. Firstly, configuring the Slack Integration establishes the necessary communication channel between Prisma Cloud and the Slack workspace. Creating an alert rule with the specified account group and severity filters ensures that only relevant alerts trigger notifications. Selecting Slack as the notification channel and setting the frequency to "As it Happens" ensures real-time alerting for critical issues. This method leverages Prisma Cloud's alerting capabilities and Slack's real-time messaging platform to promptly notify the security team, enabling swift action to mitigate risks. This approach is in line with Prisma Cloud's flexible and configurable alerting system, designed to integrate with various external platforms for efficient incident response.

In Prisma Cloud, assigning an administrative user to an account group is a way to implement the principle of least privilege by restricting the user's access to a specific subset of resources and data. Account groups are logical collections of cloud accounts, and by associating an administrative user with a particular account group, their access is limited to only those resources and data associated with the cloud accounts within that group. This mechanism ensures that users have access only to the information and resources necessary for their role or tasks, enhancing security by minimizing the potential for unauthorized access or actions within the cloud environment.

The correct section of the Console that the administrator should use to review findings such as "User namespace is enabled", "An LDAP server is enabled", and "SSH root is enabled" is "Compliance".

The "Compliance" section in CSPM tools like Prisma Cloud provides an overview of the current compliance posture against various regulatory standards and best practices. It can help identify configurations that do not adhere to best practices or that may violate compliance requirements, such as enabling the user namespace, which could be a security risk, or having an LDAP server and SSH root enabled, which may not comply with certain security standards.

Reference to the use of the "Compliance" section can be found in CSPM documentation, where it details how compliance checks are used to assess the security and configuration of cloud resources against established benchmarks and standards, allowing organizations to maintain compliance and improve their security posture.

Both Console’s API and web interfaces, served on port 8083 (HTTPS), require authentication over a different channel with different credentials (e.g. username and password, access key, and so on), none of which Defender holds. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-06/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/technology_overviews/defender_architecture

For a custom config Resource Query Language (RQL) in Prisma Cloud, two essential attributes are "json.rule" and "api.name." The "json.rule" attribute allows users to specify the JSON structure that defines the criteria or conditions of the query, essentially dictating what the query is looking for within the cloud environment. The "api.name" attribute identifies the specific API endpoint that the query will target, providing context and scope for the query. Together, these attributes enable users to craft precise and targeted queries that can assess the configuration and security posture of cloud resources, aiding in compliance checks, security assessments, and other governance tasks.

To use the automated method within Azure Cloud for streamlining the process of using remediation in the identity and access management (IAM) module, the required actions include configuring the IAM Azure remediation script, integrating with Azure Service Bus, and installing the azure.servicebus & requests library. These steps ensure that the automated remediation system can communicate effectively with Azure services, execute the necessary remediation actions, and address IAM-related alerts by adjusting permissions and access controls as needed. This automation helps maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment by promptly addressing potential IAM issues.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-iam-security/remediate-alerts-for-iam-security

To detect and alert on activities performed by a root account, an audit event policy should be used. An audit event policy is a type of policy that can be used to detect suspicious activities or events that may be related to security threats. This type of policy will allow the administrator to monitor and alert on any activities performed by a root account.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/prisma-cloud-threat-detection

The correct policy type to use in order to detect and alert on any activities performed by a root account is an "audit event" policy. An audit event policy is designed to monitor and record a series of chronological events in the order they occur, typically used to track user activities and changes within the system. When a root account performs any actions, an audit event policy will log these events, allowing the administrator to review and potentially set up alerts if suspicious or unauthorized activities are detected. This type of policy is crucial for security and compliance purposes as it helps ensure that all actions performed with root privileges are legitimate and authorized.

Reference to this can be found in most cloud security platforms that offer CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management) solutions. For example, within Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks, audit events are a part of the Activity Monitoring features, which track user activities and system changes to facilitate investigations into suspicious or unauthorized actions.

Outbound notifications in Prisma Cloud refer to the integration with external systems or services for the purpose of alerting or incident management.

Option D: PagerDuty is an example of an outbound notification within Prisma Cloud. PagerDuty is a popular incident response and alerting service that teams use to manage, track, and respond to incidents in real-time. Prisma Cloud's integration with PagerDuty allows organizations to automatically forward alerts from Prisma Cloud to PagerDuty, enabling streamlined incident management and response workflows.

To add AWS accounts to the Prisma Cloud Enterprise tenant, the correct API endpoint is option C: https://api.prismacloud.io/cloud/aws. This endpoint is specifically designed for integrating cloud accounts with Prisma Cloud, enabling centralized visibility and security posture management across multiple cloud environments. By using this API endpoint, each AWS account can be individually onboarded to the Prisma Cloud platform, allowing for immediate posture visibility and consistent security policy enforcement across the newly acquired company 's extensive AWS footprint. This process aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities for multi-cloud security and compliance management, ensuring that the onboarding of cloud accounts is both efficient and aligned with the platform's best practices for cloud security.

B --> Anomaly Trusted List—Exclude trusted IP addresses when conducting tests for PCI compliance or penetration testing on your network. Any addresses included in this list do not generate alerts against the Prisma Cloud Anomaly Policies that detect unusual network activity such as the policies that detect internal port scan and port sweep activity, which are enabled by default. C --> Trusted Alert IP Addresses—If you have internal networks that connect to your public cloud infrastructure, you can add these IP address ranges (or CIDR blocks) as trusted ... Prisma Cloud default network policies that look for internet exposed instances also do not generate alerts when the source IP address is included in the trusted IP address list and the account hijacking anomaly policy filters out activities from known IP addresses. Also, when you use RQL to query network traffic, you can filter out traffic from known networks that are included in the trusted IP address list.

For a customer who does not want alerts to be generated from network traffic originating from trusted internal networks, the appropriate setting is C. Trusted Alert IP Addresses. This setting allows for specifying certain IP addresses as trusted, meaning alerts will not be triggered by activities from these IPs, ensuring that internal network traffic is not flagged as potentially malicious.

In the Data Security module of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud, the types of bucket exposures typically include Public (option A), Private (option B), and Conditional (option E). Public buckets are accessible by anyone on the internet, posing a significant data leakage risk. Private buckets are restricted to authorized users only, offering a higher level of security. Conditional exposure involves buckets that may be accessible under certain conditions or to specific users, requiring careful configuration and policy enforcement to prevent unauthorized access. International (option C) and Differential (option D) do not represent standard types of bucket exposures in cloud security contexts.

To authenticate to Prisma Cloud Enterprise programmatically, the use of an access key is the most suitable method among the given options. Access keys, typically consisting of an Access Key ID and Secret Access Key, are used for programmatic calls to the Prisma Cloud API. This method enables secure, authenticated API requests to Prisma Cloud services without requiring manual user intervention, which is essential for automation and integration with CI/CD pipelines.

Reference to the use of access keys for programmatic access can often be found in the API documentation of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud. While specific documentation from Prisma Cloud is not directly quoted here, the general practice across cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP) supports the use of access keys for API authentication, making it a verified approach for Prisma Cloud as well.

For upgrading Defenders with a Console v20.04 and Kubernetes deployment, the following two options are viable:

C. Remove Defenders, and then deploy the new DaemonSet: This option involves manually removing the existing Defenders and then deploying a new DaemonSet. This method ensures that the Defenders are updated to the latest version without relying on automatic updates12.

D. Let Defenders automatically upgrade: Prisma Cloud provides the capability for Defenders to automatically upgrade themselves. This feature simplifies the upgrade process by eliminating the need for manual intervention3.

Both methods are supported and can be used depending on the organization’s policies and preferences regarding Defender upgrades. The automatic upgrade feature is particularly useful for maintaining up-to-date security without manual oversight, while the manual removal and redeployment of a new DaemonSet can be preferred in environments where more control over the upgrade process is desired123.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/runtime_defense/runtime_defense_containers