H19-301_V3.0 Questions and Answers

AWLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)is anetwork that connects wireless devices (Wi-Fi terminals) via access points (APs)using the802.11 protocol.

(A) LAN – False:A LAN is a broader concept that includes both wired and wireless networks.

(B) WAN – False:A WAN connects geographically distant networks, not local wireless devices.

(C) WLAN – True:APs connect to the wired network via Ethernet and provide wireless connectivity to devices.

(D) MAN – False:A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a city or large area, not limited to wireless connectivity.

TheUSG6000E-Bfirewall doesnotsupport hardware bypass by default. If hardware bypass functionality is required, anexternal bypass devicemust be purchased and configured.Hardware bypass ensures network continuity in case of a firewall failure by physically rerouting traffic around the device. Since this feature is not included by default in the USG6000E-B, additional hardware is necessary to achieve it.

Enterprise networks are vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks, including:

Remote code execution:Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute malicious code on target systems, potentially gaining full control.

Cross-site attacks:Includes Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), where attackers manipulate web applications to steal data or perform unauthorized actions.

Command line injection:Attackers inject malicious commands into input fields, compromising system integrity.

Brute-force attacks:Attackers attempt to guess passwords or encryption keys through repeated trial-and-error attempts.

These attack methods highlight the importance of implementing robust security measures, such asfirewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and regular patching.

Huawei firewalls, particularly the USG series, have consistently demonstrated strong performance in terms of innovation, functionality, and market presence. As a result, they have been included in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Network Firewalls every year since 2013, achieving recognition for nine consecutive years.

This consistent inclusion reflects Huawei's leadership in the firewall market and its ability to meet evolving customer requirements.

Thus, the statement is TRUE .

TheHuawei NetEngine AR6100 seriesis a line ofenterprise-class SD-WAN routersdesigned for:

Small- and medium-sized branch offices, offeringcost-effectiveconnectivity.

Supports SD-WAN featuresforintelligent traffic steering, application acceleration, and cloud access.

Integrates security functions, includingfirewalls, IPS, and VPNs, forbranch security.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei NetEngine AR Series Overview

In2021, theChina Communications Standards Association (CCSA)introduced theIPv6 Enhancedstandard system to driveIPv6+ adoption.

Huawei played a major role in the standardization process, contributing expertise in areas such asSRv6, network slicing, and intelligent O&M.

This initiativealigns with China's strategy to accelerate IPv6 deploymentfor next-generation networks.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – IPv6 Enhanced Standardization

As enterprises transition to cloud-centric architectures, campus networks face several challenges:

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack intelligent tools for rapid fault detection and resolution, leading to prolonged downtime.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Poorly designed wireless networks result in coverage gaps and inconsistent user experiences.

Cloud outpacing network:Cloud services evolve faster than traditional networks can adapt, creating bottlenecks.

Difficult network scaling:Legacy networks struggle to scale dynamically to meet growing demands.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Fragmented management across domains (e.g., wired, wireless, WAN) leads to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.

Addressing these challenges requires modern solutions like SDN (Software-Defined Networking), AI-driven O&M, and unified management platforms.

The Huawei datacom product line is indeed designed to cover six key domains:

Campus Network : Solutions for enterprise campus networks, including switches, Wi-Fi, and IoT integration.

Metro Router : Products tailored for metropolitan area networks (MANs), enabling high-speed connectivity in urban areas.

Data Center Network : Advanced solutions for modern data centers, including CloudFabric and AI Fabric.

Cyber Security : Comprehensive security solutions, including firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and anti-DDoS products.

Network Management : Tools and platforms for managing and monitoring networks, such as iMaster NCE.

Backbone Router : High-performance routers for core networks, supporting large-scale data transmission across regions.

This categorization reflects Huawei's commitment to providing end-to-end networking solutions across various domains. The statement is therefore TRUE .

Redundancy ensures network reliabilityby providing backup mechanisms to avoid single points of failure.

TheHuawei CloudEngine S8700switch offers:

Microsecond-level active/standby MPLI switchover, which is10 times fasterthan the industry average.

High availabilitythrough redundant components, such asdual power supplies, dual main processing units (MPUs), and hot-swappable fans.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – CloudEngine S8700 Redundancy Features

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:Huawei IoT APs support multiple methods for integrating IoT modules or functionalities:

Option A: The USB interface allows external IoT modules to be connected to the AP, enabling flexible expansion.

Option B: Some Huawei IoT APs come with built-in IoT chips, providing native support for IoT protocols like RFID and Bluetooth.

Option C: The PCIe interface is another method for integrating IoT modules, offering high-speed connectivity for advanced IoT applications.

Option D: The PoE out port is used to power external devices but does not directly integrate IoT functionality.

These integration methods ensure that Huawei IoT APs can adapt to various IoT use cases, such as asset tracking, environmental monitoring, and smart building management.

IPv4 addressesare written indotted decimal notation(e.g., 192.168.1.1).

IPv6 addressesusecolon-separated hexadecimal notation(e.g., 2001:db8::1).

The statement in the question isincorrect because IPv6 does NOT use dotted decimal notation; only IPv4 does.

IPv4 is 32-bit, while IPv6 is 128-bit, allowing for a much larger address space.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – IPv4 vs. IPv6 Addressing

Huawei AirEngine 5762-12is a Wi-Fi 6 AP designed for enterprise networks.

Key specifications:

Supports a maximum device rate of 5.95 Gbps (not 2.975 Gbps)

Does not include a USB port

Supports the leader AP featurefor intelligent network management

Equipped with two GE (Gigabit Ethernet) uplink ports, ensuring high-speed connectivity and redundancy.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – AirEngine 5762-12 Datasheet

Huawei's CloudFabric Easy Solution is designed to simplify data center network deployment and operations. The "EASY" framework highlights the following four key aspects:

EasY-Maintenance : The solution emphasizes simplified operations and maintenance (O&M) through automation and intelligent tools. For example, it leverages AI-powered analytics to predict and resolve issues proactively.

Simplification : CloudFabric Easy focuses on reducing complexity in network design, deployment, and management. It achieves this by integrating advanced technologies like intent-driven networking (IDN) and zero-touch provisioning (ZTP).

Automation : Automation is a cornerstone of the solution, enabling tasks like configuration, provisioning, and troubleshooting to be performed automatically. This minimizes human intervention and reduces the risk of errors.

While "expandability" and "easy sales" are important considerations in network design and marketing, they are not part of the official "EASY" highlights of the CloudFabric Easy Solution.

Huawei USG firewalls offer flexible management options to meet diverse operational needs. Below is an analysis of each option:

SecoManager : USG firewalls can be managed centrally through SecoManager, which provides unified security policy orchestration and monitoring.

Commands : Administrators can use CLI (Command-Line Interface) commands to configure and manage the firewall directly.

CloudWAN : This is not a management mode for USG firewalls. CloudWAN is a solution for wide-area network management and is unrelated to firewall O&M.

Web NMS : USG firewalls support web-based Network Management Systems (NMS) for graphical configuration and monitoring.

Thus, the correct answers are A , B , and D .

A WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is specifically defined as a network that uses radio frequency (RF) technologies , primarily Wi-Fi, to provide wireless connectivity. While technologies like infrared, Bluetooth, and ZigBee are wireless communication methods, they are not part of the WLAN definition.

Wi-Fi : Operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands and is the primary technology used in WLANs.

Infrared : Uses light waves for short-range communication and is not part of WLAN standards.

Bluetooth : Designed for short-range personal area networks (PANs), not LANs.

ZigBee : Used for low-power, low-data-rate IoT applications, not WLANs.

Thus, the statement is FALSE , as WLANs are exclusively based on RF technologies like Wi-Fi.

Huawei'sAirEngineseries access points (APs) are designed for high-performance wireless networking. Some models include2.5GE uplink portsto support higher bandwidth requirements for modern applications like video streaming and IoT. The following models support 2.5GE uplink ports:

AirEngine 5760-51:High-performance Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

AirEngine 5761-21:Compact Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

AirEngine 6761-21T:Outdoor Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

TheAirEngine 6761-21andAirEngine 5762-12do not support 2.5GE uplink ports, making them unsuitable for scenarios requiring higher bandwidth.

Option A:In traditional IP routing, each router in the network must maintain a routing table that contains network-wide routes or at least the routes relevant to its operation. This ensures that packets can be forwarded correctly to their destination.

Option B:Traditional IP routing operates on the principle of the "longest match rule." When a router receives a packet, it examines the destination IP address and matches it against the entries in its routing table. The longest prefix match determines the next hop for the packet.

Option C:Traditional IP networks are inherently connectionless, meaning there is no dedicated path established between the source and destination before data transmission. This lack of connection-oriented mechanisms makes it challenging to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) across the entire network.

Option D:In traditional IP networks, packets are forwarded using a hop-by-hop mechanism. Each router along the path decapsulates the packet, inspects its headers, and forwards it to the next hop based on its routing table.

HuaweiSD-WAN routerssupport multiple WAN-side link types to provide flexible connectivity options:

(A) LTE (True): Many Huawei SD-WAN routers includeLTE interfacesformobile WAN connectivity, ensuring reliable backup connections.

(B) 5G (True):Next-generation routerssupport5G connectivity, offeringhigher bandwidth and lower latencythan LTE.

(C) FC (False):Fibre Channel (FC)is a technology used forstorage networks (SANs), not for WAN connectivity in SD-WAN routers.

(D) VDSL (True): SomeHuawei routerssupportVDSLinterfaces forDSL-based broadband connections, commonly used inlegacy networks.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei SD-WAN Router WAN Interfaces Section

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol with several key characteristics:

Connectionless : This is not a characteristic of TCP. TCP establishes a connection before transmitting data using a three-way handshake.

Flow control and window mechanism : TCP uses flow control and sliding window mechanisms to manage data transmission rates and prevent buffer overflow.

Connection-oriented : TCP establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between endpoints.

Reliable transmission : TCP ensures reliable delivery of data through acknowledgments, retransmissions, and error detection.

UDP, not TCP, is a connectionless protocol. Therefore, the correct answer is A .

HuaweiiMaster NCEis acentralized network management and control systemforSDN-capableandtraditionaldevices.

(A) True – SDN control via NETCONF/YANG:

iMaster NCE usesNETCONF(based on theYANG model) to manage and controlSDN-enableddevices, automating configuration and policy enforcement.

(B) True – SNMP for traditional devices:

Traditional network devices (non-SDN) are managed throughSNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), which provides device monitoring and basic configuration.

(C) False – No direct control through CU (Control Unit):

Huawei does not define aCUas an independent management entity in iMaster NCE. Instead, SDN-capable devices are controlled viaNETCONF/YANG, while traditional devices rely onSNMP.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, iMaster NCE Overview Section

TheS5731-HandS5731-Sare part of Huawei's CloudEngine S series switches, but they differ in their software capabilities. Specifically:

S5731-H:Supports advanced features likeVXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), which enables network virtualization and scalable overlay networks.

S5731-S:Lacks VXLAN support, making it suitable for simpler deployments without virtualization requirements.

This distinction is critical when selecting switches for environments that require advanced virtualization and cloud integration.

"One-click fast scheduling, cloud-network coordinated scheduling" refers to the ability to provision services quickly and efficiently using advanced technologies like SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) . This feature enables agile service rollout by automating the configuration and deployment of network services across cloud and WAN environments. With SRv6, services can be provisioned within minutes, significantly reducing the time required for manual configuration and ensuring rapid adaptation to changing business needs.

The other options describe different features of Huawei's solutions but do not directly align with the concept of "one-click fast scheduling." For example:

Option B refers to network diagnostics and troubleshooting capabilities.

Option C highlights resource optimization through SDN and intelligent algorithms.

Option D focuses on network slicing, which is a separate feature for enhancing network flexibility.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as it directly addresses the concept of fast and coordinated scheduling in cloud-network environments.

Redundancy Technologies for Leaf Switches:

To enhance redundancy in data center networks, technologies like stacking and M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group) are commonly used.

Huawei CloudEngine 6881 Capabilities:

TheCloudEngine 6881series switchesdo support M-LAG, enabling active-active redundancy between two switches. This ensures high availability and load balancing.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because the CloudEngine 6881 supports M-LAG.

TheAirEngine 5762-12SWis a versatile Wi-Fi 6 AP designed for small and medium-sized enterprises. Key features include:

Flexible covers:The AP's cover can be customized to match the deployment environment.

Leader AP functionality:It can manage up to eight Fit APs, simplifying network architecture.

Maximum wireless rate:Supports up to2.975 Gbps, ensuring high-speed connectivity.

However, the statement that it hastwo GE ports (one for uplink and one for downlink)isFALSE. The AirEngine 5762-12SW has onlyone GE portfor uplink, which limits its wired connectivity options.

Understanding Overlay Topologies in SD-WAN:

In Huawei's SD-WAN solution, overlay networks are created on top of the physical underlay network. These overlays can be customized based on specific services or applications.

Service Independence:

Different service topologies (e.g., voice, video, data) areindependent of each other, allowing granular control over traffic paths, QoS policies, and security settings.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because overlay topologies in Huawei's SD-WAN solution are service-specific and operate independently.

Huawei Wi-Fi 6 solutionseliminate signal blind spotsusing their"Unique Dynamic-Zoom Smart Antenna"technology.

(C) True – Dynamic-Zoom Smart Antenna:

Automatically adjustsantenna beamformingbased on terminal location.

Improves signal coverage and reduces interference in complex environments.

Ensuresseamless roamingacross APs withstronger signal stability.

Other options:

(A) DFA (False): DFA optimizesfrequency selectionbut does not eliminate signal blind spots.

(B) AI Roaming Algorithm (False): Enhanceshandover between APs, but does not directly eliminate blind spots.

(D) 6 GHz Band (False): Providesmore spectrum, but coverage depends on the AP's antenna design.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Wi-Fi 6 Technologies Section

Adefault routeis a special type of route used in routing tables to forward packets when no specific route matches the destination IP address. It acts as a "catch-all" route for traffic that does not match any other routes in the routing table.The default route is typically represented as0.0.0.0/0, where:

0.0.0.0represents any destination IP address.

/0indicates a subnet mask of 0 bits, meaning it applies to all possible IP addresses.

Default routes are commonly used in scenarios where a router needs to forward traffic to a gatewayor next-hop device for further processing. This simplifies routing table management, especially in networks with limited or centralized connectivity.

In Huawei switches, Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces are used to forward data at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. These interfaces are essential for VLAN segmentation and communication within a local area network (LAN). The three main types of Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces are:

Hybrid:A hybrid interface can carry traffic from multiple VLANs and is highly flexible. It allows both tagged and untagged traffic, making it suitable for complex network designs.

Trunk:A trunk interface is used to carry traffic from multiple VLANs between switches or other network devices. It typically tags VLAN traffic using IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation.

Access:An access interface is associated with a single VLAN and is used to connect end devices like PCs or IP phones. It carries untagged traffic by default.

The options "Agg" (likely referring to aggregation) and "Core" are not Layer 2 interface types but rather refer to higher-level concepts like link aggregation or core network architecture.

Overview of IoT Integration in Huawei APs:

Huawei IoT APs support various methods to integrate IoT modules or functions, enabling unified management of Wi-Fi and IoT devices.

Explanation of Each Method:

Built-in IoT chip:Some Huawei APs come with built-in IoT chips, providing native support for IoT protocols like Zigbee, Bluetooth, or RFID.

USB interface:External IoT modules can be connected via the USB interface, allowing flexible integration of additional IoT functionalities.

PCIe interface:High-speed IoT modules can be integrated using the PCIe interface, offering enhanced performance and scalability.

PoE out port:While PoE out ports provide power to external devices, they do not directly integrate IoT modules or functions.

Conclusion:The correct methods are Options A, B, and C.

Network service quality is determined by several key metrics. Below is an analysis of each option:

Bandwidth : Bandwidth measures the maximum data transfer rate of a network link, expressed in bits per second (bit/s). It represents the capacity of the link to transmit data between two nodes.

Latency : Latency is the time it takes for a packet to travel from the source to the destination. Lower latency improves real-time communication and application performance.

Packet loss rate : This metric indicates the percentage of packets that fail to reach their destination due to network congestion, errors, or other issues. High packet loss degrades user experience.

Jitter : Jitter refers to variations in packet arrival times, which can disrupt real-time applications like voice and video. Consistent latency is critical for smooth performance.

All four options are correct and accurately describe key aspects of network service quality.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:An enterprise WAN (Wide Area Network) is designed to connect geographically dispersed locations within an organization. The primary interconnections include:

Option A: Enterprise headquarters and branches are commonly interconnected via WAN to enable centralized management and resource sharing.

Option B: Carrier networks and enterprise networks are not part of the enterprise WAN itself but represent external connectivity provided by service providers.

Option C: Enterprise campus networks and data centers are interconnected to ensure seamless access to centralized resources and applications.

Option D: Enterprise office networks and production networks are interconnected to facilitate collaboration and operational efficiency.

These interconnections form the backbone of an enterprise WAN, enabling cross-region communication and resource sharing.

Huawei iMaster NCE-Fabricis anAI-powered SDN controllerfordata center networks, offeringautomated rollback functionsto prevent misconfigurations.

(A) Tenant-Level Rollback (True):Allows rollback oftenant-specific configurations, ensuring isolation between network tenants.

(B) Service-Level Rollback (True):Enables rollback of individualnetwork serviceswithout affecting other operations.

(C) Network-Wide Rollback (True):Provides afull network rollbackto a previous stable state.

(D) Application-Level Rollback (False):Not a feature of iMaster NCE-Fabric; applications operate independently of network configuration rollback.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, iMaster NCE-Fabric Rollback Functions

Huawei'sAR routersoffer flexible configurations for fixed ports and modular cards, enabling them to adapt to various networking scenarios. Key points include:

LAN-to-WAN switching:LAN ports can be converted to WAN ports using theundo portswitchcommand, allowing greater flexibility in network design.

WAN-to-LAN switching:Some AR router models support converting WAN ports to LAN ports, depending on the hardware and software capabilities.

Layer 2 card limitations:Layer 2 cards configured with VLANIF interfaces can perform basic Layer 3 forwarding but lack advanced features like NAT, MPLS, IPsec, and HQoS.

The claim thatall Layer 2 cards support LAN/WAN switchingis incorrect. Only specific models and configurations support this functionality, making option D false.

MPLS VPN Architecture Overview:

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN is a widely used technology for creating virtual private networks over a shared infrastructure. It involves specific roles for devices in the network.

Explanation of Each Role:

PE (Provider Edge):These devices sit at the edge of the service provider's network and connect to customer sites. They are responsible for assigning labels and managing VPN routes.

P (Provider):These devices are located in the core of the service provider's network.They perform label switching but do not participate in VPN-specific functions.

CE (Customer Edge):These devices belong to the customer and connect to the PE devices. They are unaware of the MPLS network and simply forward traffic to the PE.

Aggregation and Core:These terms are not specific to MPLS VPN architecture. "Aggregation" refers to a general networking concept, and "Core" is too broad to describe a specific role in MPLS VPNs.

Conclusion:The correct roles in MPLS VPN architecture are PE, P, and CE.

The evolution of data centers has progressed through several distinct phases, driven by advancements in technology and changing business requirements. Below is an analysis of each phase:

Centralized : Early data centers were centralized, with all resources (servers, storage, and networking) located in a single physical location. This model was simple but lacked scalability and flexibility.

Multi-site and multi-cloud : Modern data centers often span multiple physical locations and integrate with public, private, and hybrid clouds. This phase emphasizes distributed architectures and cloud-native applications.

Distributed : As workloads grew, data centers evolved into distributed models, where resources are spread across multiple sites to improve redundancy, scalability, and performance.

Virtualization : Virtualization technologies enabled the abstraction of physical resources, allowing multiple virtual machines (VMs) or containers to run on a single physical server. This phase significantly improved resource utilization and flexibility.

All four options represent key phases in the evolution of data centers.

Huawei'sSD-WAN solutionsupports multiple networking models to meet diverse enterprise requirements:

Hub-spoke networking:Centralizes traffic through a hub site, ideal for security and policy enforcement.

Hierarchical networking:Organizes sites into tiers (e.g., regional hubs and branches), enabling scalable architectures.

Partial-mesh networking:Connects critical sites directly while routing other traffic through hubs, balancing performance and cost.

Full-mesh networking:Provides direct connections between all sites, ensuring optimal performance for latency-sensitive applications.

Intelligent HQoSis not a networking model but rather a feature that enhances Quality of Service (QoS) across any of these models.

Geographic Redundancy in SD-WAN Controllers:

Huawei's SD-WAN solution provides geographic redundancy to ensure high availability and disaster recovery.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is correct. The active and standby clusters share the same domain name or IP address, enabling seamless failover during an active/standby switchover.

Option B:This is correct. Geographic redundancy requires the active and standby clusters to have the same number of nodes to ensure balanced performance.

Option C:This is correct. Huawei's SD-WAN solution supports only one active cluster and one standby cluster for geographic redundancy.

Option D:This is incorrect. While the active and standby clusters synchronize data in real time, only the active cluster provides services. The standby cluster remains idle until a failover occurs.

Conclusion:The FALSE statement is Option D.

Huawei offers acomprehensive enterprise security portfolio, including:

(A) AntiDDoS (True):Protects againstDistributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks.

(B) Modular Firewall (True):Providesscalable, high-performance securityfor enterprise networks.

(C) SecoManager Security Controller (True):Acentralized security management platform.

(D) Desktop Firewall (False):Notpart of Huawei’s enterprise security product portfolio.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Security Products Overview

Understanding SecoManager Deployment Modes:

SecoManager is a security controller that integrates with Huawei's iMaster NCE platforms to manage security policies across networks.

Analysis of Each Mode:

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-IP:Supported for managing security in IP/MPLS networks.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Fabric:Supported for data center and cloud fabric security management.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus: Not supportedbecause SecoManager focuses on specialized security scenarios, while iMaster NCE-Campus manages campus networks.

Independent deployment:Supported for standalone security management.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus is not a valid SecoManager deployment mode.

In adata center network, three primary types of resources are connected:

Storage:Includes storage arrays and systems that provide data persistence and retrieval capabilities.

High-performance computing (HPC):Supports compute-intensive workloads like scientific simulations and AI training.

General-purpose computing:Handles everyday workloads such as web hosting, application servers, and virtual machines.

These resources are interconnected through the data center network, enabling seamless communication and resource sharing. Each type serves a distinct purpose, catering to different application requirements.

The statement contains several inaccuracies. Fat APs (Autonomous Access Points) are standalone devices that do not require a Wireless Access Controller (AC) to function. They are fully capable of managing their own configurations and operations independently.In contrast,Fit APs(Lightweight Access Points) rely on a centralized AC for management and configuration. While Fit APs offer centralized control and scalability, they require the deployment of an AC, which can increase costs. Fat APs are simpler to deploy in small-scale networks but may lack the advanced features and scalability of Fit APs.

The claim that Fat APs "need to work with an AC" is incorrect, making the entire statement false.

Classification of Data Centers (DCs):

Data centers are classified into categories such as small, midsize, large, and ultra-large based on the number of standard racks they house.

Rack Classification Criteria:

Small DC:Less than 500 racks.

Midsize DC:500-1000 racks.

Large DC:1000-3000 racks.

Ultra-large DC:3000-10000 racks.

Conclusion:A data center with 3000-10000 racks falls under theultra-large DCcategory.

Layer 2 Switchesoperate at theData Link Layer (Layer 2)and forward packets based onMAC addresses.

Layer 3 Switchesprovide bothLayer 2 switchingandLayer 3 routingcapabilities, allowingIP-based communication between VLANsviaVLANIF interfaces(VLAN Interfaces).

VLANIF interfaces act asvirtual interfacesassigned to VLANs, enablinginter-VLAN communicationwithout an external router.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – Layer 2 vs. Layer 3 Switches

Understanding A-FEC (Adaptive Forward Error Correction):

A-FEC is a technology used in Huawei's SD-WAN solution to ensure smooth video playback even in the presence of packet loss. It adds redundant data to compensate for lost packets.

Maximum Packet Loss Rate:

A-FEC can tolerate up to40% packet loss (0.4)while maintaining smooth video playback. This ensures high-quality video streaming even in challenging network conditions.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option A, as the maximum packet loss rate allowed by A-FEC is 0.4.

Huawei offersWi-Fi 6 APswithoptical uplink portsto support high-speed backhaul:

(A) AirEngine 6760-X1 (True):Supportsoptical portsfor high-speed uplink.

(B) AirEngine 5760-51 (False):Doesnothave optical ports.

(C) AirEngine 5762-15HW (True):Equipped withfiber uplink ports.

(D) AP7060DN (True):Supports10G optical uplink, ensuringhigh-speed data transmission.

(E) AirEngine 6761-21 (True):Providesoptical uplink portsforhigh-bandwidth backhaul.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Wi-Fi 6 APs Specifications

MACsec (Media Access Control Security)is a Layer 2 encryption protocol designed to secure Ethernet communications. It provides confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection for data transmitted over wired networks. The IEEE standard corresponding to MACsec is802.1AE, which defines the protocol's mechanisms for encrypting and authenticating Ethernet frames.Other options refer to unrelated standards:

802.1ab:Defines Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for network discovery.

802.1p:Specifies priority tagging for Quality of Service (QoS).

802.1at:Defines Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+).

Huawei's Expertise in Datacom Technologies:

Huawei has been a leader in data communication technologies for over two decades, investing heavily in research and development.

Research Centers Worldwide:

As of the latest documentation, Huawei operates 14 research centers globally. These centers focus on innovation in areas such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, and networking technologies.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE, as Huawei has indeed established 14 research centers worldwide and has over 26 years of expertise in datacom technologies.

iMaster NCE (Network Cloud Engine) uses NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol) to deliver configurations to network devices. NETCONF is an XML-based protocol that provides a standardized way to configure and manage network devices programmatically.

Telemetry : Used for collecting operational data from devices, not for configuration delivery.

SDN : Refers to a broader concept of software-defined networking, not a specific protocol.

RESTful : Used for API interactions but not for device configuration.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as NETCONF is the primary protocol used by iMaster NCE for configuration delivery.

Understanding iStack Technology:

iStack is Huawei's stacking technology that allows multiple switches to be managed as a single logical device. This simplifies network configuration, management, and troubleshooting.

Dedicated Stack Ports or Stack Cards:

To enable iStack functionality, Huawei switches require either dedicated stack ports or stack cards. These ports/cards facilitate high-speed interconnection between stacked switches.

Benefits of iStack:

Simplifies network topology by reducing the number of managed devices.

Enhances scalability and reliability through unified management.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because dedicated stack ports or stack cards are required to support iStack technology.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:Huawei's wireless backhaul solution for rail transportation is designed to provide high reliability and low latency for mission-critical applications such as train control systems.

Option A: The handover delay in Huawei's solution can indeed be as low as 30 ms. This ensures seamless connectivity during transitions between base stations, which is crucial for real-time applications like train control signaling.

Option B: The solution supports carrying train control signal systems, ensuring safe and efficient operations.

Option C: This statement is incorrect. Huawei's wireless backhaul solution supports high-speed mobility, including trains traveling at speeds up to 160 km/h or higher, without losing connectivity.

Option D: Active-active links are a key feature of the solution, providing redundancy and ensuring high reliability even in challenging environments.