PDI Questions and Answers

A SOQL query can return a list of sObjects, a list of primitive data types, or a list of lists of primitive data types. A list is a collection of elements of the same data type. An sObject is a generic abstract type that corresponds to any Salesforce object, such as Account, Contact, or custom objects. A primitive data type is a basic data type, such as String, Boolean, Integer, Double, Date, or DateTime. A long is not a valid data type in Apex or SOQL, and an integer is a subtype of double, so they are not distinct return types for a SOQL query. References: Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL), SOQL SELECT Syntax

Data Export is a service that allows you to export data from your Salesforce org to a CSV file. You can use Data Export to back up your data and attachments on a regular basis. You can define a Data Export scheduled job to run weekly or monthly, and specify the objects and fields to include in the export. You can also receive an email notification when the export is complete and download the zip file containing the CSV files from the Setup menu. References:

• Data Export Service from the Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I Exam Guide
• Export Data from the Data Loader Guide
• Export Data from the Salesforce Trailhead

SOSL and SOQL are two different types of search languages in Salesforce. SOSL is a programmatic way of performing a text-based search against the search index, while SOQL is the equivalent of a SELECT SQL statement and searches the org database1. The developer should consider the following factors when deciding between SOQL and SOSL2:

• The number of records to be returned: SOSL can return up to 2,000 records from multiple objects, while SOQL can return up to 50,000 records from a single object or from multiple objects that are related to one another1.
• The speed of text searches: SOSL is generally faster than SOQL for text searches, especially if the search expression uses a CONTAINS term. SOSL can tokenize multiple terms within a field and build a search index from this, which makes SOSL searches more efficient and relevant1.
• The knowledge of the object or field: SOSL is useful when the developer does not know which object or field the data resides in, and wants to retrieve data for a specific term across multiple objects and fields. SOQL is useful when the developer knows which objects the data resides in, and wants to retrieve data from a single object or from multiple objects that are related to one another1.
• The type of data to be retrieved: SOSL supports text, email, and phone fields, and can retrieve data that is in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or Thai. SOQL supports number, date, or checkbox fields, and can retrieve data from big objects1. References:
• Introduction to SOQL and SOSL | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Difference between SOSL and SOQL search types - Salesforce

Aura Components and Lightning Web Components are two technologies that are built on a framework that fully supports the business requirement of building a responsive application capable of responding to touch events, that will be executed on stateful clients. Both technologies are part of the Lightning Component Framework, which is a modern UI framework for developing dynamic web apps for mobile and desktop devices. The Lightning Component Framework uses standard web technologies, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Web Components, to create reusable and interoperable components that can adapt to different screen sizes, devices, and orientations. The framework also provides features such as data binding, event handling, state management, and server-side integration, to enable developers to create rich and interactive user interfaces.

Aura Components are the original technology for creating Lightning components. They use a custom XML-based markup language, Aura, to define the component structure and behavior. Aura Components can respond to touch events using the ui:input component, which provides a generic input element that can handle different input types, such as text, number, date, checkbox, radio, toggle, and email. The ui:input component also supports touch gestures, such as swipe, tap, and pinch, by using the ontouchstart, ontouchend, ontouchmove, and ontouchcancel attributes. Aura Components are stateful, meaning that they maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server only when necessary. This reduces the network traffic and improves the performance and user experience.

Lightning Web Components are the newer technology for creating Lightning components. They use standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to define the component structure and behavior. Lightning Web Components can respond to touch events using the standard HTML input element, which provides a native input element that can handle different input types, such as text, number, date, checkbox, radio, toggle, and email. The input element also supports touch gestures, such as swipe, tap, and pinch, by using the standard touch event listeners, such as touchstart, touchend, touchmove, and touchcancel. Lightning Web Components are also stateful, meaning that they maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server only when necessary. This reduces the network traffic and improves the performance and user experience.

Visualforce Components and Visualforce Pages are two technologies that are not built on a framework that fully supports the business requirement of building a responsive application capable of responding to touch events, that will be executed on stateful clients. Visualforce Components are reusable UI elements that can be used in Visualforce Pages. Visualforce Pages are web pages that can display and interact with Salesforce data and logic. Visualforce Components and Pages use a custom XML-based markup language, Visualforce, to define the UI elements and behavior. Visualforce Components and Pages can be made responsive by using the Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS), which is a collection of design guidelines, components, and resources that enable developers to create consistent and beautiful user interfaces across devices. However, Visualforce Components and Pages do not have native support for touch events, and require custom JavaScript code to handle them. Visualforce Components and Pages are also stateless, meaning that they do not maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server on every request. This increases the network traffic and affects the performance and user experience.

References:

• Lightning Component Framework
• Aura Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Visualforce Developer Guide
• Salesforce Lightning Design System

To effectively test a custom controller that works with a Visualforce wizard, the unit test should do the following:

• Set the current page to the first page of the wizard using Test.setCurrentPage(pageRef), where pageRef is a PageReference object that points to the page URL. This allows the test to access the page parameters and controller methods for that page1.
• Set the page parameter that the wizard expects using ApexPages.CurrentPage().getParameters().put(‘input’, ‘TestValue’), where ‘input’ is the name of the parameter and ‘TestValue’ is the value to be passed. This allows the test to simulate the user input or the initial URL parameter that the wizard uses1.
• Verify the navigation logic of the wizard by checking the URL of the next page after invoking the controller action using String nextPage = controller.save().getUrl(), where controller is an instance of the custom controller class and save() is the action method that returns a PageReference object. This allows the test to assert that the wizard redirects to the correct page based on the input and logic2.

The other options are not useful for testing the custom controller. Option A is incorrect because insert pageRef is not a valid Apex statement. Option C is incorrect because public ExtendedController(ApexPages StandardController cntrl) { } is a constructor for a controller extension, not a custom controller3. References:

• Testing Custom Controllers and Controller Extensions | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Testing Navigation Logic | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Build a Controller Extension | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

Using the Database method with all or None set to false allows the developer to insert the Task records without throwing an exception if some of them fail. This way, the integration can read the task records that were successfully inserted, and the developer can handle the failed records in the trigger or elsewhere. The other options are either too disruptive to the business logic (A and C) or do not prevent the exception from occurring (B). References: Database Methods, Bulk Exception Handling, Trigger Exceptions

The correct answer is option C. The Lightning code segment that should be written to declare dependencies on a Lightning component, c:accountList, that is used in a Visualforce page is:

This code segment uses the ltng:require tag, which is a base Lightning component that allows you to load external JavaScript libraries and stylesheets in your Lightning components. The scripts attribute specifies the name and path of the JavaScript file that is uploaded as a static resource. The afterScriptsLoaded attribute specifies the name of the client-side controller action that is called after the scripts are loaded. This way, you can ensure that the c:accountList component has access to the JavaScript library that it depends on.

The other options are not valid code segments for declaring dependencies on a Lightning component. Option A uses the ltng:dependency tag, which is used to declare dependencies between Lightning components, not between a Lightning component and a JavaScript library. Option B uses the ltng:include tag, which is not a valid tag in the Lightning component framework. Option D uses the ltng:import tag, which is also not a valid tag in the Lightning component framework.

References: ltng:require - documentation, Using External JavaScript Libraries, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

Outbound messages are a way of sending information from Salesforce to external systems or applications in real-time when certain criteria or conditions are met. Outbound messages are sent as SOAP messages and can include fields from the record that triggered them. Outbound messages can be configured from Setup and do not require Apex code. Outbound messages can be associated with different automation tools in Salesforce, such as:

• Approval Process: This is a way of automating the approval of records based on predefined steps and actions. Approval processes can send outbound messages as part of the approval actions when the record meets the entry criteria and approval criteria.
• Workflow: This is a way of automating tasks and actions based on certain rules and criteria. Workflow rules can send outbound messages as part of the workflow actions when the record meets the rule criteria.
• Process Builder: This is a way of creating complex business processes and logic using a graphical interface. Process builder can send outbound messages as part of the process actions when the record meets the criteria node.

References:

• Setting Up Outbound Messaging (1)
• Outbound Message in Salesforce: Comprehensive Guide (2)
• Outbound Message Actions - Salesforce (3)

 The code snippet uses the ternary operator in Apex, which is a shorthand way of writing an if-else statement. The syntax is condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false. The condition is evaluated first, and then either the value_if_true or the value_if_false is returned, depending on the result of the condition. In this case, the condition is a > b, which is false, since a is 1 and b is 2. Therefore, the value_if_false is returned, which is a, which is 1. Hence, the value of x is 1. References:

• Apex Basics for .NET Developers, page 9
• [Apex Developer Guide], section “Ternary Operator”

The merge method is an Apex Data Manipulation Language (DML) operation that allows you to combine up to three records of the same sObject type into one of the records, known as the master record. The merge method deletes the other records, known as the victim records, and reparents any related records to the master record. The merge method has the following characteristics:

• Merge is supported with accounts, contacts, cases, and leads: The merge method can only be used with these four standard sObject types. You cannot use the merge method with custom objects or other standard objects.
• The merge method allows up to three records, including the master and two additional records with the same sObject type, to be merged into the master record: The merge method takes an array of sObject records as the input parameter, where the first record is the master record and the rest are the victim records. The merge method can merge up to three records of the same sObject type into the master record. If you want to merge more than three records, you need to call the merge method multiple times.

The other statements are not valid considerations when using the merge method:

• The field values on the master record are overwritten by the records being merged: This is not true. The field values on the master record are not overwritten by the victim records, unless you explicitly specify the field names and values in the master record before calling the merge method. By default, the merge method preserves the field values of the master record and discards the field values of the victim records.
• External ID fields can be used with the merge method: This is not true. The merge method does not support external ID fields as input parameters. You need to use the record IDs of the sObject records to perform the merge operation.

References: Merging Records, merge method, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The Lightning Component framework is a UI framework for developing Lightning components for mobile and desktop devices. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page1. The framework provides developers with prebuilt components that can be reused, such as buttons, cards, carousels, etc2. The framework also provides templates to create custom components that follow the best practices and standards of web development3. The framework does not extend the governor limits for applications, nor does it support Classic UI. It only supports Lightning Experience, Experience Builder Sites, Salesforce Mobile App, Lightning Out, and Standalone Lightning App2.

References:

• Introducing Aura Components | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Components - Salesforce Lightning Component Library - Salesforce Developers
• Review the Lightning Component Framework Unit | Salesforce … - Trailhead

A Lightning component can execute a complex SOQL query that joins two objects by invoking an Apex class with the method annotated as @AuraEnabled. This annotation enables the Apex method to be called from the Lightning component’s JavaScript controller or helper. The Apex method can then perform the SOQL query and return the results to the Lightning component. This approach allows the Lightning component to leverage the programmatic capabilities of Apex and SOQL to perform complex queries that are not possible with declarative tools such as flows or standard components. References:

• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead, Section 5. Exam Outline, Topic: Logic and Process Automation, Weight: 46%, Objective: Describe how to use declarative and programmatic methods to create custom user interfaces on the Lightning Platform.
• [Call Apex Methods from Lightning Web Components], Trailhead Module, Unit: Call Apex Methods Imperatively
• [SOQL and SOSL Queries], Salesforce Developer Guide, Chapter: SOQL and SOSL Reference

The aspect of Apex programming that is limited due to multitenancy is the number of records processed in a loop. Multitenancy is a means of providing a single application to multiple organizations, such as different companies or departments within a company, from a single hardware-software stack. This results in a standard environment that is fully operated and managed by Salesforce, which is much more efficient and cost-effective for your company. However, multitenancy also imposes some limits and governor rules on the Apex code that runs on the Salesforce Platform, to ensure that no single organization can monopolize the shared resources and affect the performance and reliability of other organizations. One of these limits is the number of records that can be processed in a loop, which is 200 for synchronous Apex and 2000 for asynchronous Apex. This means that if you have a loop that iterates over a collection of records, such as a list or a set, you cannot process more than 200 or 2000 records at a time, depending on the context of your Apex code. If you try to process more records than the limit, you will get a System.LimitException error. To avoid hitting this limit, you need to use best practices such as using SOQL for loops, using collections and maps, using bulkified methods, and using asynchronous Apex.

The other options are not aspects of Apex programming that are limited due to multitenancy. The number of active Apex classes is not limited by multitenancy, but by the total size of all Apex classes in your organization, which is 6 MB for Enterprise Edition and 36 MB for Unlimited Edition. The number of methods in an Apex class is not limited by multitenancy, but by the maximum number of characters in an Apex class, which is 1,000,000. The number of records returned from database queries is not limited by multitenancy, but by the SOQL query row limit, which is 50,000 for synchronous Apex and 200,000 for asynchronous Apex.

References: Apex Governor Limits, Multitenancy and Metadata Overview, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

 To display any validation rule violation to the user, the developer needs to include the apex:message component on the Visualforce page. This component displays a custom message or an exception message, depending on the value of the id attribute. If the id attribute matches the id of another component on the page, such as an input field, the apex:message component displays the validation error for that component. If the id attribute is not specified, the apex:message component displays the first exception message generated by the controller. The developer can also use the apex:messages component to display all the messages for the page, not just the first one.

Option A is incorrect because adding custom controller attributes to display the message would require additional logic and coding in the controller and the Visualforce page. Option C is incorrect because using a try/catch with a custom exception class would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather handle the exception in the controller. Option D is incorrect because performing the DML using the Database.upsert() method would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather return a list of Database.SaveResult objects that contain the success or failure status of each record.

References: apex:message | Visualforce Developer Guide, ValidationRule | Metadata API Developer Guide, How to Display Validation Rule Errors in Visualforce Page

 A trigger may fire multiple times during a transaction because of the order of execution of different automation tools in Salesforce. According to the documentation, the order of execution is as follows:

• Executes all before triggers.
• Saves the record to the database, but doesn’t commit yet.
• Executes all after triggers.
• Executes assignment rules.
• Executes auto-response rules.
• Executes workflow rules.
• If there are workflow field updates, updates the record again.
• If the record was updated with workflow field updates, fires before update triggers and after update triggers one more time (and only one more time), in addition to standard validations. Custom validation rules, duplicate rules, and escalation rules are not run again.
• Executes processes and flows launched via processes and flow trigger workflow actions. When a process or flow executes a DML operation, the affected record goes through the save procedure.
• Executes escalation rules.
• Executes entitlement rules.
• If the record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the parent record. Parent record goes through save procedure.
• If the parent record is updated, and a grandparent record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the grandparent record. Grandparent record goes through save procedure.
• Executes Criteria Based Sharing evaluation.
• Commits all DML operations to the database.
• Executes post-commit logic, such as sending email.

As you can see, there are several steps that can cause the record to go through the save procedure again, which will fire the triggers again. Therefore, the developer should consider this possibility and write the trigger code accordingly to avoid unwanted side effects or recursion. For example, the developer can use static variables to track the trigger invocation or use bulkified patterns to handle collections of records efficiently.

References:

• 1: Order of Execution (Apex Developer Guide)

The result of the following code is that the record will not be created and an exception will be thrown. This is because the code is trying to insert a record with a null value for a required field, which violates the database constraints and causes a DMLException1. The code does not handle the exception with a try-catch block, so the exception will propagate to the caller and terminate the execution2. The debug log will show the exception message and stack trace, but the record will not be inserted in the database.

Java

Account a = new Account();

a.Name = null;

insert a;

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

The other options are incorrect. Option B is incorrect because the record will not be created and the debug log will show an exception, not a message. Option C is incorrect because the record will not be created and an error will be reported as an exception. Option D is incorrect because the record will not be created and an error will be reported as an exception. References:

• DMLException Class | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Exception Handling | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct answer is option C, which is the upsert statement. In Salesforce, when you have a custom object and want to insert new records and update existing ones using an external ID field, you use the upsert DML operation. The upsert statement either inserts or updates sObject records based on the value of a specified unique external ID field. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in data modeling and management, as well as Apex programming basics where DML operations are discussed. Salesforce DML Operations

The best way to implement this feature is to use an Account custom trigger. A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted1. In this case, the trigger should execute before an Account record is updated and check if the Postal Code field has changed. If so, the trigger should query the postalCodeToTimezone_c custom object to find the matching Timezone value and assign it to the custom Account text field named Timezone. This way, the Timezone field will be updated automatically based on the Postal Code field.

An Account approval process is not suitable for this feature, as it is used to automate the process of approving records based on predefined criteria and actions2. An Account assignment rule is also not suitable, as it is used to assign ownership of Account records to users or queues based on criteria3. An Account workflow rule is not suitable either, as it is used to automate tasks, email alerts, field updates, and outbound messages based on criteria and evaluation rules4. None of these options can update the Timezone field based on the values in a custom object.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Triggers
• Salesforce Help - Approval Processes
• Salesforce Help - Assignment Rules
• Salesforce Help - Workflow Rules

To communicate from a child component to a parent component, the best option is to create a custom event in the child component and dispatch it to the parent component. The parent component can then listen for the event and handle it accordingly. For example, the child component can create a custom event called navigate and pass the page reference as a detail. The parent component can then use a handler to catch the event and use the navigation service to navigate to the next page.

Option A is incorrect because firing a notification is not a reliable way to communicate between components, as it depends on the user’s settings and preferences. Option B is incorrect because updating a property on the parent component requires the child component to have access to the parent’s property, which violates the principle of component encapsulation and modularity. Option C is incorrect because calling a method in the Apex controller is not necessary for navigation purposes, and it would introduce an extra server round-trip and potential performance issues.

References: Communicate with Events | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Basic Navigation | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Lightning Web Components

The Test class provides a method called getStandardPricebookId() that returns the ID of the standard price book in the organization1. This method allows access to the standard price book without using SeeAllData or loading a static resource. The other options are either invalid or unnecessary for this purpose. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers

To ensure that Pricing_Structure__c records are available when the test class is executed, the developer can use either a Test Data Factory class or the @isTest(seeAllData=true) annotation. A Test Data Factory class is a reusable class that creates test data for multiple test classes. The developer can use this class to insert the Pricing_Structure__c records before running the test methods. The @isTest(seeAllData=true) annotation allows the test class to access all data in the organization, including the Pricing_Structure__c records. However, this annotation should be used sparingly and only when strictly necessary, as it may cause the test to fail due to data changes or dependencies. The Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() methods are used to mark the start and end of the test execution, and do not affect the data availability. The without sharing keyword on the class declaration does not affect the test data isolation, and only determines whether the class enforces the sharing rules of the current user or not. References:

• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Creating Test Data for Apex Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Using the isTest Annotation (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Using the startTest and stopTest Methods (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers) (Salesforce Ben)

 To override the Contact’s Edit button and provide custom user interfaces in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience, the developer should use a Visualforce page in Salesforce Classic and a Lightning component in Lightning Experience. This is because Visualforce pages are supported as overrides in Salesforce Classic, but not in Lightning Experience or mobile. On the other hand, Lightning components are supported as overrides in Lightning Experience and mobile, but not in Salesforce Classic. Therefore, the developer needs to use different technologies for different user interfaces. The developer can specify the override type and the page or component to use for each user interface in the Buttons, Links, and Actions settings of the Contact object. References: Override Standard Buttons and Tab Home Pages, Standard Actions and Overrides Basics, Override Buttons, Links, and Tabs with Visualforce

Custom exceptions in Apex are user-defined exception classes that can have their own member variables, methods, constructors, and interfaces. They must extend the system Exception class and have a class name that ends with “Exception”. They cannot extend other classes besides the Exception class. Custom exceptions enable more detailed error messages and custom error handling in catch blocks. They can also be rethrown as inner exceptions to preserve the stack trace information.

References:

• Create Custom Exceptions | Apex Developer Guide
• Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions | Apex Reference Guide
• Handling Exceptions in Apex: Creating and Using Custom Exceptions
• Custom Or User-Defined Exception In Apex | Salesforce Developer Tutorials
• Using custom exception types | Mastering Apex Programming

When deploying to a production org, all Apex code, including triggers, must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of the lines of code in each Apex class and trigger must be executed by unit tests. This is a requirement to ensure the quality and reliability of the code and to prevent any unexpected behavior or errors in production. Test coverage is calculated by dividing the number of covered lines by the total number of lines in each class or trigger. Test coverage can be measured by running tests in the Developer Console, the Salesforce CLI, or the Apex Test Execution page in Setup. Test coverage can also be viewed in the Code Coverage page in Setup or in the Problems tab in the Developer Console. Test coverage is different from test results, which indicate whether the tests passed or failed based on the assertions and expected outcomes. Test results do not affect the deployment, but they can help identify and fix any bugs or issues in the code. Test coverage and test results are both important aspects of testing Apex code and ensuring its functionality and performance. References:

• Testing Apex from the Apex Developer Guide
• Get Started with Apex Unit Tests from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Deploying Apex to a Production Organization from the Apex Developer Guide

The correct definition of a Lightning Web Component property that uses the getAccounts method is option C. In Salesforce, the @wire decorator is used to read data from one of the wire adapters built into Lightning Web Components or create a JavaScript property in a Lightning web component. The property is then provisioned with data, error, or both. A provisioned property has a specific shape—data and error properties—designed for working with wire services.

In this case, @wire(getAccounts, { searchTern: '$searchTern' }) accountList; is the correct syntax where:

• getAccounts is the Apex method.
• { searchTern: '$searchTern' } are parameters passed to the Apex method.
• accountList is the JavaScript property that gets assigned the data returned by getAccounts.

References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

The @TestSetup annotation is used to create records for every method in the test class. This annotation allows you to create common test data that is available for all test methods in the class. The test setup method runs only once before any test methods in the class. This reduces the need to create the same records for every test method and improves the performance of the test class. The @BeforeTest annotation is not a valid annotation in Apex. The @isTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation is used to grant test classes and methods access to all data in the organization, not to create records. The @PreTest annotation is not a valid annotation in Apex. References: IsTest Annotation | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers, How to Write a Test Class in Salesforce? The Salesforce Developer Guide …, IsTest Annotation in Salesforce - Automation Champion

The  component displays all messages that were generated for all components on the current page, using the ApexPages.addMessage() method. This component should be used to display messages on a Visualforce page that uses a custom controller or controller extension1. The other options are either incorrect or incomplete, as they only display a single message or require additional attributes2. References:

• ApexPages Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The sfdx commands that can be used to add testing data to a Developer sandbox are forced: data:bulk:upsert and forced: data:tree:upsert. The forced: data:bulk:upsert command uses Bulk API 2.0 to upsert records from a CSV file into an org1. The forced: data:tree:upsert command uses the SObject Tree Save API to import records from a JSON file that describes objects and relationships2. The forced: data:object:upsert command is not valid, and the forced: data:async:upsert command does not exist.

References:

• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:bulk:upsert
• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:tree:upsert

The best technique to streamline the data upload is to update the primaryid__c field definition to mark it as an External Id. An external ID is a custom field that has the “External ID” attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you select this option, the field becomes searchable in Salesforce and you can use it to integrate with external systems and import data more efficiently1. By marking the primaryid__c field as an external ID, the developer can use it to match the records in the CSV file with the existing records in the candidate_c object, without creating duplicates or errors2.

References:

• 1: Create an External ID Field
• 2: Import Data with External IDs

The correct statement is D, because it uses the SOSL syntax to search for the phrase ‘ACME’ in all fields of the Contact and Lead objects, and returns a list of sObjects that match the criteria. The other statements are incorrect because:

• A uses the SOQL syntax, which can only query one object at a time, and the LIKE operator requires a wildcard character (%) before and after the search term.
• B uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a list of lists of sObjects, which is not the expected output.
• C uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a map of sObjects, which is not the expected output. References:
• SOSL Syntax - Salesforce
• SOSL Statements - Salesforce
• SOQL and SOSL Reference - Salesforce

 Scratch orgs are short-term Salesforce environments that you can spin up to work on a feature. They are source-driven and disposable, meaning you can create and delete them as needed. They are fully configurable, allowing you to emulate different Salesforce editions with different features and settings. You can also install packages and deploy synthetic or dummy data for testing. Scratch orgs are ideal for developing in a source-driven way, as they enable source tracking, which keeps your local source files and the metadata in your org in sync. You can use Salesforce CLI or an IDE to create, open, and manage scratch orgs. Scratch orgs are different from other types of Salesforce orgs, such as Developer sandboxes, Full Copy sandboxes, and Developer orgs, which are long-term, persistent, and not source-driven. References:

• Scratch Orgs from the Salesforce DX Developer Guide
• Develop in Scratch Orgs from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Manage Scratch Orgs from the Dev Hub Org from the Salesforce DX Developer Guide

 The best technology to create a custom user interface component that allows users to enter and validate information about their accounts is Lightning Web Components. Lightning Web Components are reusable HTML elements that use modern JavaScript and web standards to create fast and efficient user interfaces on the Lightning Platform. Lightning Web Components can leverage the Lightning Data Service to access and manipulate Salesforce data, and use the Lightning Design System to ensure a consistent look and feel. Lightning Web Components can also use Apex methods, wire adapters, and wire functions to perform complex logic and validations on the user input before saving it to the database. Flow is a declarative tool that allows users to automate business processes and guide users through screens, but it is not a technology to create custom user interface components. Visualforce is a framework that allows developers to create custom web pages and components using a tag-based markup language and Apex controllers, but it is not as fast, efficient, or modern as Lightning Web Components. VUE JavaScript framework is an external framework that can be used to create reactive user interfaces, but it is not a native Salesforce technology and it requires additional configuration and integration to work with Salesforce data and services. References:

• Lightning Web Components (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Build Lightning Web Components (Trailhead Trail)
• Flow Basics (Trailhead Module)
• Visualforce Basics (Trailhead Module)
• VUE JavaScript Framework (Official Website)

To satisfy this requirement, a developer should use an invocable method. An invocable method is a method that can be called from a flow and can perform complex logic or integrate with an external system. An invocable method can also return data to the flow, such as a list of order numbers and dates. An invocable method can be annotated with @InvocableMethod to make it available in Flow Builder as an Apex action. An Apex controller is used to provide data and logic to a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An Apex REST class is used to expose custom REST API endpoints, not to retrieve data from an external system. An outbound message is used to send notifications to external systems when a certain event occurs in Salesforce, not to display data on a screen. References:

• Call Apex Code from a Flow
• InvocableMethod Annotation
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

A record-triggered flow is a type of flow that runs when a record is created or updated1. It can perform actions such as updating fields, creating records, sending emails, and calling Apex classes2. A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it can compare the Contact’s Mailing State with the Job’s Preferred Locations, and update a custom field on the Job Application object accordingly. It can also handle changes to the Contact’s Mailing State and keep the Job Application field in sync3. References:

• 1: Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• 2: What You Can Do with Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• 3: Universal Hiring is using Salesforce to capture job applications. A … | Salesforce Quiz

 A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after certain events, such as insert, update, delete, or undelete1. An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values and returns a single value, such as SUM, COUNT, AVG, MIN, or MAX2. A roll-up summary field is a field that calculates values from related records, such as those in a related list3. However, roll-up summary fields are only available for master-detail relationships, not for lookup relationships3. Therefore, to achieve a similar functionality for a custom object that is not in a master-detail relationship with the Opportunity object, a trigger can be written on the child object that uses an aggregate function to sum the amount for all related child objects under the Opportunity object. The trigger should handle different scenarios, such as insert, update, delete, or undelete of the child records, and update the corresponding Opportunity record accordingly. References:

• Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Aggregate Functions | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Roll-Up Summary Field | Salesforce Help
• [Custom Roll-up Summary on Account Object | Salesforce Developer Guide - SFDCian]

The provided code snippet is trying to update more than 200 Account records that belong to the ‘Technology’ industry in a single transaction. In Salesforce, there are governor limits that restrict the number of records that can be processed synchronously in a single transaction to prevent overconsumption of resources. If this limit is exceeded, the transaction will fail. This applies to both synchronous (D) and asynchronous (A) transactions.

References: The governor limits are well documented in Salesforce’s developer guide and official documentation. You can refer to these documents for detailed information on various types of governor limits including DML, SOQL, and record processing limits.

• Apex Developer Guide - Governor Limits
• Salesforce Developer - Execution Governors and Limits

 Validation rules and record-triggered flows are two declarative options for building out the business logic layer of a Salesforce application. Validation rules allow the developer to define criteria and error messages to prevent invalid data from being saved1. Record-triggered flows allow the developer to automate actions based on changes in records, such as creating, updating, or deleting related records2. Both of these options can be configured and maintained by a Salesforce administrator without writing code. References:

• Validation Rules, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module

 The method must be decorated with @AuraEnabled to make it accessible from a Lightning web component. The @AuraEnabled annotation enables client- and server-side access to an Apex controller method. Without this annotation, the Lightning web component can’t call the Apex method. The cacheable=true attribute is optional and indicates whether the method can be cached by the client. The method can return any data type that can be serialized into JSON, such as a JSON object, a JSON array, a primitive type, or a custom type. The method does not need to return a string of a serialized JSON array, as the framework handles the serialization and deserialization automatically. References:

• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide: Call Apex Methods, pages 1-2
• Apex Developer Guide: Annotation AuraEnabled, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Lightning Web Components, unit 5

The code snippet uses a for loop to create a list of 200 Account objects, each with a unique name. Then, it uses the Database.insert method to insert the list of accounts into the database in one DML operation. The Database.insert method returns a list of Database.SaveResult objects, which contain information about the success or failure of each record insertion. However, the code snippet does not check the results or handle any errors that might occur. Therefore, the result of the code snippet is that 200 accounts are inserted, unless an exception is thrown due to a trigger, validation rule, governor limit, or other reason. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using Database Methods
• Apex Developer Guide: Bulk DML Exception Handling
• Trailhead: Apex Basics & Database

A record-trigger flow on Opportunity is the most efficient way for a developer to implement this requirement, because it allows the developer to automate the creation and assignment of a Task without writing any code. A record-trigger flow can be configured to run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, and it can access and update related records using flow elements1. A record-trigger flow on Opportunity can also use the $Record global variable to access the Opportunity Owner and assign the Task to them2.

An auto-launched flow on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to manually invoke the flow from another process, such as a trigger or a button3. An auto-launched flow on Task cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a lookup element, which adds complexity and reduces performance.

An Apex trigger on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to write and maintain code, which is more prone to errors and harder to debug than a flow. An Apex trigger on Task also cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a SOQL query, which consumes governor limits and increases the risk of hitting the 101 SOQL limit.

A Task action is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the user to manually create and assign the Task from the Opportunity record page. A Task action does not automate the process, and it relies on the user to remember and follow the business rule. References:

• 1: Automate Your Business Processes with Record-Triggered Flows
• 2: Use the $Record Global Variable in Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Automate Your Business Processes with Scheduled and Platform Event–Triggered Flows
• : Access and Update Related Records in Flows
• : Apex Triggers
• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Create Actions for the Action Bar

An Apex REST class is a custom class that defines methods that can be invoked via HTTP requests. The developer can use the @RestResource annotation to expose the class as a REST resource, and use the @HttpGet, @HttpPost, @HttpPut, or @HttpDelete annotations to define the methods that correspond to the HTTP verbs. The developer can also use the RestContext class to access the request and response information, such as the parameters, headers, and body. An Apex REST class can be used to integrate with an external order management system by sending and receiving JSON or XML data, and parsing and serializing it using the built-in Apex methods. The developer can then use the flow:callApex action in the flow to invoke the Apex REST class and pass the data to the screen element. An Apex REST class is different from the other options listed, as they are not suitable for this requirement. An Apex controller is a class that provides logic and data for a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An outbound message is a message that is sent from Salesforce to an external system when a workflow rule is triggered, not when a flow is executed. An invocable method is a method that is annotated with @InvocableMethod and can be called from a process, a flow, or a REST API, but it cannot make HTTP requests to an external system. References:

• Apex REST Methods from the Apex Developer Guide
• Call Apex from Flow from the Salesforce Help
• Integrate with External Systems Using Apex REST Services from the Salesforce Trailhead

 To deploy Apex or package it for the Salesforce AppExchange, unit tests must cover at least 75% of your Apex code, and those tests must pass1. Code coverage indicates how many executable lines of code in your classes and triggers have been exercised by test methods1. Test classes (classes that are annotated with @isTest) are excluded from the code coverage calculation1. Therefore, the developer needs to create a test class and methods to cover the Apex trigger, as the helper class alone is not enough to meet the code coverage requirement. Running the tests using the ‘Run All Tests’ method, removing the failing test methods from the test class, or increasing the test class coverage on the helper class will not solve the problem, as the trigger itself is still not covered by any test. References: 1 Testing and Code Coverage | Apex Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers1

 Running a flow in debug mode allows the developer to test the flow logic and functionality before activating it. Debug mode also provides detailed information about the flow elements, variables, and outcomes as the flow runs1. However, there are some limitations and considerations for debugging a flow, such as:

• Callouts to external systems are not executed when debugging a flow. This means that any flow elements that invoke Apex actions or invocable actions that make callouts will be skipped during debugging. The developer can use mock responses or stubs to simulate the callout results2.
• DML operations will be rolled back when the debugging ends. This means that any changes made to the database by the flow will not be committed or visible after the debugging session. The developer can use the Developer Console or the Setup Audit Trail to view the DML operations performed by the flow3.

The other two options are incorrect because:

• Clicking Pause or executing a Pause element does not close the flow and end debugging. Instead, it pauses the flow execution and allows the developer to inspect the flow state and variables at that point. The developer can resume the flow execution by clicking Resume or Next4.
• Input variables of type record can be passed into the flow. The developer can specify the record ID or assign field values for the input record variable when debugging the flow. The developer can also use the running user or a different user as the input record variable.

References:

• 1: Debug a Flow in Flow Builder | Salesforce Help
• 2: Debug Flows That Make Callouts | Salesforce Help
• 3: Debug Flows That Perform DML Operations | Salesforce Help
• 4: [Pause a Flow | Salesforce Help]
• : [Set Input Values for a Flow | Salesforce Help]

The correct answer is option C. In Salesforce, a custom SOAP Web Service is defined using Apex with annotations that enable classes and methods to be exposed as web service endpoints. Helper methods that are not used by the Web Application should not be declared as webservice. They can be private or public but should not have the webservice keyword in their declaration. The webservice keyword is specifically for methods that are exposed to external applications via SOAP API.

References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation on creating custom web services with Apex: Creating Custom Web Services.

To pass data from a parent component to a child component, the developer can use either a custom event or a public property1. A custom event is a way for a component to communicate with its parent or ancestor components by sending a message that contains data. The parent component can listen for the event and handle it accordingly. A public property is a way for a parent component to pass data to a child component by setting an attribute on the child component’s HTML tag. The child component can access the data through the property’s value.

The developer cannot use the Apex controller class or invoke a method in the child component to pass data from the parent component. The Apex controller class is used to communicate with the server and perform business logic, not to pass data between components. Invoking a method in the child component is a way for the parent component to call a function defined in the child component, not to pass data to it. References:

• Inter-Component Communication Patterns for Lightning Web Components | Salesforce Developers Blog
• Communicate with Events - Lightning Web Components Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers
• Pass Data to Child Components - Lightning Web Components Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers

The developer should implement either a Lightning component or a Visualforce page that performs the HTTP REST callout, and use a Lightning Action or a Visualforce quick action to expose the component on the Opportunity detail page. These methods allow the developer to create a user interface that can capture the user input and trigger the callout based on a user-initiated action. The Lightning component or the Visualforce page can use the Apex controller to invoke the HTTP callout using the built-in HTTP classes, such as HttpRequest, HttpResponse, and Http. The Lightning Action or the Visualforce quick action can be added to the page layout of the Opportunity object and configured to display the component in a modal dialog or a panel.

Creating a Process Builder or an after update trigger to perform the HTTP REST callout is not a suitable method for this business requirement, because these methods do not provide a user interface or a user-initiated action. The Process Builder or the trigger would execute the callout whenever the Opportunity is updated, regardless of the user input or intention. This could result in unnecessary or unwanted callouts, as well as hitting the governor limits for callouts.

References: Invoking HTTP Callouts, Configuring an HTTP Callout Action, Create HTTP Callout for Salesforce Flow, Invoking Callouts Using Apex, [Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential]

The view state limit is the maximum size of the serialized version of the page state that can be transferred between the server and the client. The view state includes the components, field values, and controller state of the page. To reduce the view state size, a developer can use a StandardSetController, which allows the developer to create pagination for a set of records without having to manually manage the query and the results. A StandardSetController can handle up to 10,000 records, and only the records that are displayed on the current page are included in the view state. This way, the developer can avoid querying and storing all the records in a list variable, which would increase the view state size and potentially cause errors. References:

• Visualforce Developer Guide: StandardSetController Methods
• Visualforce Developer Guide: Working with Very Large SOQL Queries
• Trailhead: Visualforce Basics

A screen-based flow is a type of flow that allows you to create a guided, visual experience for users to collect and update data, execute logic, call Apex classes, and more. Screen-based flows are ideal for creating interactive processes that require user input and feedback, such as the scenario of processing damaged or stolen credit cards. A screen-based flow can be embedded in a Lightning page, a Visualforce page, a utility bar, or a custom tab, and can be launched from various places, such as a button, a link, a Lightning component, or a process. A screen-based flow can also leverage standard and custom objects, variables, formulas, and other elements to create dynamic and complex business logic. References: Screen-Based Flows Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Exam Guide, page 7.

 SOQL injection is a vulnerability that occurs when user-supplied input is used to construct a dynamic SOQL query without proper validation or escaping. This can allow an attacker to modify the query and execute unintended commands or access unauthorized data. To prevent SOQL injection, it is recommended to use static queries with bind variables or use the escapeSingleQuotes method to sanitize the input. Based on the image descriptions from my tool outputs, the following options are safe from SOQL injection:

• Option A: This option uses a static query with a bind variable, which automatically escapes any malicious input and prevents it from changing the query structure. The bind variable name is obtained from an apex:inputText tag on a Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Account Name field.
• Option C: This option also uses a static query with a bind variable, which is the same as option A. The only difference is that the bind variable name is obtained from a different apex:inputText tag on the same Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Contact Name field.

The other options are not safe from SOQL injection because they use dynamic queries with string concatenation, which can allow an attacker to inject SOQL commands into the query string and bypass the intended logic or access unauthorized data.

References: The use of static queries with bind variables and the escapeSingleQuotes method to prevent SOQL injection can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex security and SOQL, such as:

• SOQL Injection
• Secure Coding SQL Injection
• Apex Basics & Database

Scratch orgs are short-term Salesforce environments that you can spin up to work on a feature. They are source-driven, disposable, and fully configurable. To create scratch orgs, you need to use the Salesforce CLI, which is a command-line tool that lets you interact with Salesforce orgs and perform various tasks. You can use the Salesforce CLI to create a scratch org definition file, which specifies the features and settings of the scratch org, and then run the force:org:create command to create the scratch org. You can also use the force:org:open command to open the scratch org in a browser without logging in.

References: The use of Salesforce CLI to create scratch orgs can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Salesforce DX and scratch orgs, such as:

• Get Started with Salesforce DX
• Scratch Orgs
• Develop in Scratch Orgs

 The two scenarios that require an Apex method to be called imperatively from a Lightning web component are:

• Calling a method that makes a web service callout: A web service callout is a request that is sent from Salesforce to an external service, such as a REST or SOAP API1. Web service callouts are subject to limits and restrictions, such as the maximum number of callouts per transaction, the maximum response size, and the requirement to use asynchronous execution for long-running callouts1. Therefore, to control when the callout occurs and handle the response or errors, it is recommended to call the Apex method that makes the callout imperatively from the Lightning web component2.
• Calling a method that is not annotated with cacheable=true: The cacheable=true annotation on an Apex method indicates that the method can be cached and reused by the Lightning Data Service, which is a layer of the Lightning web component framework that manages data and metadata3. This annotation improves the performance and user experience of the Lightning web component, as it reduces the number of server round trips and network latency3. However, not all Apex methods can or should be annotated with cacheable=true, such as methods that perform DML operations, return different results for different users, or depend on the current state of the database3. In such cases, the Apex method should be called imperatively from the Lightning web component to ensure the data is fresh and consistent2.

References:

• 1: Callouts | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Call Apex Methods Imperatively | Work with Salesforce Data | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: Call Apex Methods | Work with Salesforce Data | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

• View the Apex Jobs page and query the AsyncApexJob object are two ways a developer can get the status of an enqueued job for a class that implements the Queueable interface. They are both methods to monitor and manage the asynchronous Apex jobs that are submitted to the Apex job queue12.
• View the Apex Jobs page is a user interface option that allows a developer to see the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs in the Setup menu of Salesforce. It can show the progress, completion, failure, or cancellation of the jobs, as well as the start time, end time, submitted by, and apex class name of the jobs12.
• Query the AsyncApexJob object is a programmatic option that allows a developer to retrieve the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs using SOQL. It can access the same fields and information as the Apex Jobs page, as well as additional fields such as JobType, ParentJobId, and ExtendedStatus12.
• View the Apex Status page and view the Apex Flex Queue are two other options, but they are not applicable for the Queueable interface. They are used for different types of asynchronous Apex jobs12.
• View the Apex Status page is an option that allows a developer to see the status and results of the batch Apex jobs and future methods in the Setup menu of Salesforce. It can show the number of batches or methods processed, failed, or remaining, as well as the start time, end time, submitted by, and apex class or method name of the jobs12.
• View the Apex Flex Queue is an option that allows a developer to see and reorder the pending batch Apex jobs that are waiting to be processed in the Setup menu of Salesforce. It can hold up to 100 batch Apex jobs that exceed the limit of 5 concurrent jobs. It can show the apex class name, submitted by, and submitted date of the jobs12.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous Apex
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Automation and Logic

 Developer Edition orgs are free, fully-featured copies of Salesforce that are designed for developers to create and test applications. They have the same configuration as the production org, but with limited data and file storage. Developer Edition orgs are ideal for individual developers or small teams who want to work in their own orgs that are isolated from each other. Full Sandbox orgs are also copies of the production org, but they require a paid license and have a refresh interval of 29 days. Partner Developer Edition orgs are similar to Developer Edition orgs, but they have higher limits on data and file storage, as well as the number of custom objects and tabs. They are available only to Salesforce partners who are enrolled in the Partner Program. Developer Sandbox orgs are copies of the production org metadata, but they have very limited data and file storage, and a refresh interval of one day. They are useful for coding and testing in a disposable environment, but not for developing complex applications that require more resources. References:

• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I
• [Developer Edition Orgs | Salesforce Trailhead]
• [Sandbox Types and Templates | Salesforce Trailhead]

The most efficient way to ensure that the TotalJobs__c field on Account is kept up to date is to change it to a roll-up summary field. A roll-up summary field calculates values from related records, such as those in a related list1. In this case, the roll-up summary field on the Account object would count the number of ServiceJob__c records that are related to the Account via the partner_Service_Provider__c Lookup field. This is the simplest and most declarative way to achieve the requirement.

The other options are not valid because:

• Creating a record-triggered flow on ServiceJob__c would require more steps and logic than a roll-up summary field. A record-triggered flow would need to query the related Account record, update the TotalJobs__c field, and handle possible errors2. A record-triggered flow would also consume more system resources and limits than a roll-up summary field.
• Creating an Apex trigger on ServiceJob__c would require more coding and testing than a roll-up summary field. An Apex trigger would need to perform similar operations as a record-triggered flow, but with more complexity and less maintainability3. An Apex trigger would also consume more system resources and limits than a roll-up summary field.
• Creating a schedule-triggered flow on ServiceJob__c would not ensure that the TotalJobs__c field is kept up to date in real time. A schedule-triggered flow runs at a specified time or time interval, which means that the TotalJobs__c field could be outdated between the scheduled runs4. A schedule-triggered flow would also consume more system resources and limits than a roll-up summary field.

References:

• 1: Roll-Up Summary Field - Salesforce
• 2: Update Salesforce Records from a Flow
• 3: Inserting and Updating Records | Apex Developer Guide
• 4: Schedule-Triggered Flows - Salesforce

 To create a form that will create a record for a custom object, the developer can use a Dynamic Form, which is a Lightning App Builder component that allows you to customize the fields and sections of a record page layout1. A Dynamic Form can also use visibility rules to display different fields based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria2. To add the functionality to the Account record page, the developer can use a Dynamic Action, which is a way to configure actions on a record page without code3. A Dynamic Action can also use visibility rules to show or hide actions based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria4. To restrict the functionality to a small group of users, the developer can create a Custom Permission, which is a way to grant access to custom processes or apps5. A Custom Permission can be assigned to a permission set or a profile, and then assigned to the users who need it. References:

• Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Help
• Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Help
• Custom Permissions | Salesforce Trailhead
• [Assign Custom Permissions | Salesforce Help]

In Apex, if a SOQL query returns more than one row and the result is assigned to a single sObject variable, an exception will be thrown. This is because a single sObject variable can only hold one record. In this case, since myAccount is declared as a single Account object, it cannot hold more than one record. If the SOQL query returns more than one Account, an unhandled exception occurs, and the code terminates. References: The behavior can be understood from the Apex Developer Guide under the section of SOQL Queries 

An error condition formula on a validation rule on Opportunity is the automation that allows the developer to satisfy the requirement in the most efficient manner. A validation rule is a declarative feature that allows you to define criteria for data quality and integrity. It can prevent users from saving records that do not meet the specified conditions. In this case, the developer can create a validation rule on the Opportunity object that checks if the user profile is not Sales Manager, the Opportunity Status is Closed Lost, and the lost reason is blank. If these conditions are true, the validation rule can display an error message and prevent the record from being saved12.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management

The developer should write a class that implements the HTTPCalloutMock interface to provide test coverage for the Apex code that calls out to an external system. The HTTPCalloutMock interface enables you to inject fake responses into the callout response in a test method, so that you can isolate your Apex logic from any dependency on the external system. The interface has one method, respond, that returns a predefined HTTPResponse object when the Apex code calls the HTTPRequest.send method. By using the HTTPCalloutMock interface, you can test your Apex code without actually calling the external system, which saves time and avoids hitting callout limits. The other options are not valid ways to mock a callout in a test method. The HTTPCalloutMock interface is not a class, so it cannot be extended. The WebserviceMock interface is used to mock a SOAP web service callout, not a RESTful HTTP callout. The WebserviceMock interface is also not a class, so it cannot be extended either. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Testing HTTP Callouts by Implementing the HttpCalloutMock Interface, pages 1-2
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing, unit 6

 A developer can use a validation rule or a trigger to prevent Opportunities from being edited when they reach the Closed/Won stage. A validation rule can check the stage value and display an error message if the user tries to modify the record. A trigger can also check the stage value and throw an exception if the user tries to update the record. Both of these strategies can enforce the business logic at the database level and prevent unwanted changes.

An after-save flow or the Process Automation settings are not suitable for this requirement, because they are executed after the record is saved to the database. They can perform actions based on the record changes, but they cannot prevent the record from being edited in the first place.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules (Salesforce Help)
• 2: Triggers (Apex Developer Guide)
• 3: Run Flows After a Record Is Saved (Lightning Flow Developer Guide)
• 4: Process Automation Settings (Salesforce Help)

Performing queries inside loops is a common mistake that can lead to reaching governor limits quickly, especially in a multi-tenant environment like Salesforce where resources are shared among multiple users. It’s essential to optimize the code for efficiency and performance by reducing the total number of SOQL queries whenever possible. This can be achieved by moving queries outside of loops, using collections to hold data, and leveraging bulkified methods. References: The related learning material can be found in the “Apex Basics & Database” module on Trailhead, specifically in the unit titled “Write SOQL Queries”(1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/apex_database/apex_database_soql%29%29.

I also noticed that you sent me an image along with your question. It seems to be a snippet of code written in Apex, which is used for Salesforce development. It shows a public static method named obtainAllFields that takes a Set of Ids as an argument and returns a List of Lead objects. Inside this method, there’s a for loop that iterates over each Id from the provided Set and performs a SOQL query to fetch all fields of the Lead record with that specific Id. Each queried Lead record is then added to the result list which is returned after all iterations are complete. This is an example of performing queries inside loops, which is not a best practice and can cause governor limit issues.

• Controllers, helpers, and renderers are three resources in an Aura Component that can contain JavaScript functions. They are used to implement the client-side logic and behavior of the component12.
• Controllers are the primary resource for handling user interactions and events. They define the actions that are executed on the client or sent to the server12.
• Helpers are the secondary resource for sharing common code and logic across controllers and other helpers. They can also access component attributes and call server-side actions12.
• Renderers are the optional resource for customizing the rendering lifecycle of the component. They can override the default rendering, rerendering, and unrendering methods of the component12.
• Design and style are two other resources in an Aura Component, but they do not contain JavaScript functions. They are used to define the design-time attributes and the CSS styles of the component12.

References:

• 1: Aura Components Basics
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: User Interface

The Apex method that is wired to the searchResults property should be defined as a static method with the @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation. This annotation enables the method to be called from the Lightning component and also allows the method to be cached by the Lightning Data Service. Caching the method improves the performance and user experience of the component, as it reduces the number of server requests and displays the data faster. The cacheable attribute should be set to true only for methods that return data that does not change frequently or does not depend on the user context. The term parameter should be used to filter the Opportunities based on the user input. References: Call Apex Methods, Improve Performance with Storable Actions, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

To deploy Apex code to a production environment, the developer must ensure that the Apex classes have at least 75% code coverage org-wide, and that all triggers have some code coverage. This means that at least one line of code must be executed for the Apex trigger during the test execution. Code coverage is a measure of how many lines of code are executed by the test methods. Code coverage helps to ensure that the Apex code works as expected and that it does not break any existing functionality. Code coverage also helps to prevent deploying code that has not been tested or that has bugs. All methods in the test classes must use @isTest or the testMethod keyword, but this is not a factor for deploying the modification, as it is a requirement for creating the test classes in the first place. The @isTest annotation and the testMethod keyword are equivalent ways of marking a method as a test method. Test methods are methods that verify the functionality of the Apex code and do not count against the code limit of the organization. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Testing Apex, pages 1-2
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing, unit 6

A developer can execute tests in an org using the Tooling API or the Developer Console. The Tooling API allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls1. The Developer Console is a web-based tool that provides a user interface for running tests, viewing test results, and debugging code2. The Bulk API and the Metadata API are not used for executing tests, but for loading and managing large sets of data and metadata respectively3 .

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Run Unit Test Methods
• Salesforce Help - Developer Console
• Salesforce Developer - Bulk API
• Salesforce Developer - Metadata API

 Declarative development is the process of creating applications using point-and-click tools and configuration settings, without writing code. To build out the database layer for a Salesforce application, declarative developers can use the following options:

• Roll-Up Summaries: These are fields that calculate values from related records, such as the total amount of closed opportunities for an account. Roll-up summaries can be created on master-detail or lookup relationships, and can use filters to specify which records to include in the calculation1.
• Relationships: These are the links between objects that allow data to be shared and accessed across different objects. There are two types of relationships: master-detail and lookup. Master-detail relationships create a parent-child relationship between two objects, where the master record controls certain behaviors of the detail record, such as security and deletion. Lookup relationships create a loose association between two objects, where the lookup field can be optional or required, and the related record can have its own security and owner2.
• Custom Objects and Fields: These are the basic building blocks of any Salesforce application. Custom objects are the tables that store data specific to the organization or the application. Custom fields are the columns that store the attributes of each record in the object. Custom objects and fields can be created and modified using the Object Manager in Setup3.

References:

• 1: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields
• 2: Create Object Relationships
• 3: Create Custom Objects and Fields

A polymorphic lookup field is a relationship field that can reference one of several different types of objects. For example, the Who relationship field of a Task can be a Contact or a Lead. The WhatId field on the standard Event object is another example of a polymorphic lookup field, as it can reference any object that allows activities, such as Account, Opportunity, Case, etc. To determine the type of the referenced object, you can use the What.Type field in a SOQL query. You can also use the TYPEOF clause to filter or select fields based on the object type. References:

• Understanding Relationship Fields and Polymorphic Fields
• Working with Polymorphic Relationships in SOQL Queries
• Lookup Search Cheat Sheet