PCCSE Questions and Answers

Prisma Cloud supports integration with various Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) as part of its DevOps Security offerings, including Visual Studio Code (Option B) and IntelliJ (Option D). These integrations allow developers to scan their Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates and application code for vulnerabilities and compliance issues directly within their preferred development environments, promoting a "shift left" security approach. BitBucket (Option A) and CircleCI (Option C) are more commonly associated with Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines rather than being IDEs.

In Prisma Cloud, to automatically enable all severity levels for alerts, a user would need to navigate to the Policies section, then to Settings. Within this area, there is an option for "auto-enable default policies," which, when checked for all severity levels, ensures that any default policies related to those severities are automatically activated. This is a configuration setting that streamlines the alerting process by ensuring that all relevant severity levels are covered by the default policies without the need for manual intervention.

Enabling anomalous compute provisioning in Prisma Cloud allows for the detection of unusual and potentially unauthorized activities related to the creation of compute instances. This feature is particularly useful for identifying scenarios where an unauthorized network of compute instances might be established, either accidentally due to misconfigurations or maliciously for purposes such as cryptojacking. Cryptojacking involves the unauthorized use of someone else's compute resources to mine cryptocurrency, and anomalous compute provisioning can help in identifying such activities by highlighting unusual patterns in the provisioning of compute resources.

In Prisma Cloud, the Defender type responsible for performing registry scanning is the Container Defender. Registry scanning is crucial for ensuring that container images stored in registries are free from vulnerabilities and compliance issues before they are deployed. Container Defenders scan images within container registries, identifying security risks and ensuring that only secure container images are used in deployment, thereby maintaining the integrity and security of containerized applications.

Adoption Advisor is a feature within Prisma Cloud that provides organizations with guidance on adopting various security capabilities based on their unique needs and the stage they are at in their cloud security journey. It doesn't enforce a fixed pace but rather suggests a tailored path for enhancing security posture, taking into account the organization's specific requirements and the complexity of their cloud environment. The Adoption Advisor supports a broad range of security capabilities, encompassing Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), Cloud Workload Protection (CWP), Cloud Code Security (CCS), Out-of-Band (OEM), and Data Security. This comprehensive approach ensures that organizations can secure their cloud environments effectively across different phases of the application lifecycle, from development to deployment, and across various cloud resources and services.

To ensure that sensitive data such as SSNs and credit card numbers are not visible in Dashboard > Data view during investigations, the correct method is to go to Settings > Data > Snippet Masking and select Full Mask (A). This feature in Prisma Cloud allows administrators to mask sensitive data snippets within the dashboard, ensuring that such information is obfuscated and not exposed to unauthorized viewers. Full Masking provides a robust level of protection by completely hiding the sensitive values, thereby enhancing data privacy and compliance with regulations that mandate the protection of personal and financial information.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and cloud security principles, an exclamation mark on the resource explorer page typically signifies that there is a compliance violation associated with the resource. Compliance violations occur when a resource does not adhere to established security and compliance policies or standards. These could include violations of industry regulations, internal company policies, or best practices for cloud security. The exclamation mark serves as a visual indicator to alert administrators or security teams to the presence of an issue that requires investigation and remediation to ensure the cloud environment's integrity and security.

In Prisma Cloud Compute, the communication between the Console and Defender components is critical for maintaining operational integrity and ensuring that security policies are enforced. Port 8083 is typically used for this communication. If this port is not open or properly configured to allow traffic between the Console and Defender, it can result in connectivity issues, manifesting as "No console connectivity" errors in the logs. Ensuring that port 8083 is open and accessible on both ends is essential for the seamless operation of Prisma Cloud Compute, allowing Defenders to communicate with the Console, receive updates, and send runtime data for analysis.

Retrieving Prisma Cloud Console images involves accessing a specific registry provided by Palo Alto Networks and authenticating using basic authentication with 'docker login'. Once authenticated, the user can pull the Prisma Cloud Console images using the 'docker pull' command. This process is part of the initial setup for deploying Prisma Cloud Console in an environment, allowing users to obtain the necessary images to run the Console, which serves as the central management interface for Prisma Cloud. The detailed steps, including the specific registry URL and authentication method, are typically provided in the Prisma Cloud documentation, ensuring that users have the information needed to successfully retrieve and deploy Console images.

In Prisma Cloud, compliance reports can be generated on a one-time basis or on a recurring schedule. The option for a one-time report allows users to generate a specific report instantly based on the current state of the environment. The recurring option enables users to set up automatic generation of reports at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly, to track compliance over time. This functionality ensures continuous compliance monitoring and helps in maintaining security standards across cloud resources.

Following best practices, the Security Operations Center (SOC) should enable a policy that checks for publicly accessible AWS RDS database instances and then manually remediate each instance confirmed to be part of the production environment. This approach ensures that only those resources that should not be publicly accessible are modified, avoiding unintended access restrictions on non-production instances.

When integrating Okta with Prisma Cloud for managing multiple Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud accounts, two key requirements are:

• Super Administrator permissions: This level of permission is required to ensure that the individual integrating Okta with Prisma Cloud has sufficient rights to make the necessary configurations and integrations across the platform and the AWS accounts. Super Administrator permissions ensure that the integrator can access all required settings, manage roles, and perform the integrations without restrictions.
• Multiple instances of the Okta app: Due to the nature of AWS and the way it manages accounts, each AWS cloud account needs to be treated as a separate entity within Okta. This requires setting up multiple instances of the Okta application, one for each AWS cloud account to be integrated. This approach allows for precise control and management of access and permissions on a per-account basis, aligning with the best practices of least privilege and ensuring that the security configurations are tailored to the specific needs of each AWS account.

These requirements are critical for ensuring a seamless and secure integration process, enabling centralized identity management across multiple AWS accounts through Okta and enhancing the overall security posture of the multicloud environment.

For a custom config Resource Query Language (RQL) in Prisma Cloud, two essential attributes are "json.rule" and "api.name." The "json.rule" attribute allows users to specify the JSON structure that defines the criteria or conditions of the query, essentially dictating what the query is looking for within the cloud environment. The "api.name" attribute identifies the specific API endpoint that the query will target, providing context and scope for the query. Together, these attributes enable users to craft precise and targeted queries that can assess the configuration and security posture of cloud resources, aiding in compliance checks, security assessments, and other governance tasks.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images

To specifically target running containers with a Cloud Native Application Framework (CNAF) policy in Prisma Cloud, the administrator should scope the policy to Image names. By doing so, the policy will apply to containers based on the images they were created from, allowing for precise targeting of security policies to specific containers. This approach is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to provide granular security controls for containerized environments, ensuring that policies are effectively applied to the relevant containers​​.

In the context of DoS protection, enforcing a rate limit is a common strategy to prevent abuse and ensure service availability. The scenario described involves limiting the rate at which users can post ".tar.gz" files to five within five seconds. The correct ban configuration for this requirement would be one that specifies an average rate of 5 with a file extension match on “.tar.gz" within the Web Application and API Security (WAAS) component of a security solution like Prisma Cloud. WAAS is designed to protect web applications and APIs from various threats, including DoS attacks, by applying policies that can limit actions based on specific criteria, such as file types and request rates. This configuration ensures that any attempt to upload more than five ".tar.gz" files within a five-second window would be detected and blocked, mitigating the risk of DoS attacks targeting this particular file upload functionality.

In Prisma Cloud, when anomalies are detected and the security team chooses to Relearn on a specific image, the existing behavioral model for that image is not deleted. Instead, the system retains the model and enters a new learning period, during which it observes the behavior of the container based on the image. If new behaviors are observed during this period, they are added to the existing model, thereby refining and updating the model to reflect the current operational profile of the container. This approach allows for dynamic adaptation to changes in container behavior while preserving the valuable insights and patterns already established in the model. The Relearn function is part of Prisma Cloud's adaptive capabilities, enabling it to maintain accurate and up-to-date behavioral models that reflect the evolving nature of containerized applications.

To automate vulnerability scanning for images deployed to Fargate, the customer should set up a vulnerability scanner on the container registry where the images are stored before they are deployed. By scanning the images in the registry, any vulnerabilities can be identified and addressed before the images are used to create Fargate tasks. This proactive approach to vulnerability management is crucial in cloud-native environments to ensure that deployed containers are free from known vulnerabilities​​.

In a Kubernetes environment, the Admission Controller is a critical component responsible for approving, modifying, or rejecting administrative requests before they are processed by the Kubernetes API server. The Admission Controller acts as a gatekeeper, enforcing governance and policy controls by evaluating requests against a set of predefined rules and policies. It can validate and mutate requests, ensuring that only compliant and authorized changes are allowed to proceed. This capability is vital for maintaining the security and integrity of the Kubernetes cluster, as it can prevent unauthorized or potentially harmful actions from being executed, thus playing a key role in the cluster's overall security posture.

When setting up Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud on the Identity Provider (IdP) side, it is essential to configure the Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URL and the Service Provider (SP) Entity ID. The ACS URL is the endpoint to which the IdP will send the SAML assertion, and the SP Entity ID is a unique identifier for the service provider that often resembles a URL but does not necessarily point to a location. These elements are crucial for establishing the trust relationship between the IdP and the service provider, enabling secure user authentication and authorization.

The correct Resource Query Language (RQL) query to detect high-risk activities executed by a root user in AWS is the one that specifies cloud audit logs as the data source and filters events based on operations that are indicative of high-risk activities. The query should include operations like 'ChangePassword', 'ConsoleLogin', 'DeactivateMFADevice', 'DeleteAccessKey', and 'DeleteAlarms', which are typically sensitive and should be monitored closely when performed by a root user, due to the elevated privileges associated with this account. The query filters for events where the user is 'root', ensuring that only activities executed by this highly privileged user are returned in the results.

During the deployment of the Defender DaemonSet in Prisma Cloud, the default namespace created is "Defender." This namespace is specifically used to organize the resources associated with Prisma Cloud Defenders within the Kubernetes environment. The "Defender" namespace helps in segregating the Defender components from other applications or services running in the cluster, thereby facilitating easier management and monitoring of security-related resources.

In Prisma Cloud, the capability to scan serverless functions, such as AWS Lambda functions, for vulnerabilities is an integral part of ensuring cloud security posture management (CSPM) and compliance. Specifically, option C is correct because Prisma Cloud provides a dedicated section for defining policies related to serverless function vulnerabilities under the "Defend > Vulnerabilities > Functions" page. This feature allows administrators to create and manage policies that automatically scan serverless functions for known vulnerabilities, ensuring that the functions comply with the organization's security standards before they are deployed. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security model that covers various aspects of cloud security, including serverless functions, as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​

The runtime audit message indicating "DNS resolution of suspicious name wikipedia.com. type A" would appear as an audit because the DNS was not learned as part of the Container model or added to the DNS allow list (option A). In cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud, runtime protection policies monitor the behavior of running containers and compare it against a learned model of expected behavior. If a container attempts to resolve a DNS name that was not observed during the learning phase or specifically allowed, it triggers an audit event to alert security teams of potentially malicious activity.

The correct RQL to trigger the audit event activity shown is Option A. This RQL is designed to capture events from cloud audit logs where a ConsoleLogin operation occurs by the 'root' user. The given audit event details match this RQL's criteria, which specifies the operation type and the user involved in the event.

For container image scanning compliance rules in Prisma Cloud, the available actions that can be taken when a compliance violation is detected are:

• Allow: This action permits the container image to be used despite the compliance violation. It's typically used when the risk associated with the violation is accepted or deemed minimal.
• Snooze: This action temporarily ignores the compliance violation for a specified period. It's useful when immediate remediation is not possible, but the issue is planned to be addressed in the near future.
• Alert: This action generates an alert to notify the relevant personnel or systems about the compliance violation without blocking the use of the container image. It enables teams to be aware of and track compliance issues while deciding on the appropriate remediation steps.

These actions provide flexibility in managing compliance violations based on the organization's policies, risk tolerance, and remediation capabilities.

In Prisma Cloud Enterprise, for alerts to be generated for configuration assets in an onboarded public cloud account, it is essential that the account is associated with an alert rule that matches the enabled config policies. If the account is not linked to an alert rule or if the existing alert rules do not match the config policies, no alerts will be generated even though configuration resource ingestion is visible, and RQL statements return config resource results. This requirement emphasizes the need for a well-structured alerting mechanism to ensure that security incidents are promptly identified and addressed​​.

Configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud requires the Identity Provider Issuer (Option B) and Certificate (Option C). The Identity Provider Issuer is a unique identifier for the SSO identity provider and is used by Prisma Cloud to establish trust and validate SSO responses. The Certificate, typically an X.509 certificate, is used to sign SSO assertions and ensure the security of the SSO communication. The Prisma Cloud Access SAML URL (Option A) is provided by Prisma Cloud to configure the SSO on the identity provider's side, not the other way around. The Identity Provider Logout URL (Option D) is used for single logout configurations but is not a required field for basic SSO configuration in Prisma Cloud.

Prisma Cloud supports a wide range of external integrations for receiving Code Security notifications, including popular platforms like Splunk, Cortex XSOAR, and Microsoft Teams. These integrations facilitate seamless communication and automated workflows between Prisma Cloud and other operational tools, enhancing the security response capabilities. However, as of the current understanding, ServiceNow is primarily known for its capabilities in IT service management (ITSM) and incident management, and it might not be directly supported as an external integration specifically for Prisma Cloud Code Security notifications without custom configurations or additional integrations.

To upgrade Defenders in a Kubernetes deployment with Console v20.04, the recommended options are to remove the Defenders DaemonSet (Option B) and then redeploy, or let Defenders automatically upgrade (Option D). By removing the Defenders DaemonSet, you can manually control the upgrade process, ensuring that new Defenders are deployed with the latest version. Allowing Defenders to automatically upgrade is a convenient option that minimizes manual intervention, as Defenders are designed to self-update to the latest version when available. The option to run a provided curl | bash script from the Console (Option A) is not a standard practice for upgrading Defenders in Kubernetes environments. Using Cloud Discovery to automatically redeploy Defenders (Option C) is not applicable in this context, as Cloud Discovery is more relevant to discovering cloud resources rather than managing Defender deployments.

The timestamp on the compliance dashboard in a cloud security context typically reflects the point in time when data from various sources is collected, processed, and then consolidated to present the compliance status or results. This aggregation process involves compiling data from multiple scans, logs, and other compliance-related information to provide a comprehensive overview of the current compliance posture. Therefore, the timestamp usually indicates when this aggregation was completed, ensuring that users are viewing the most up-to-date and relevant compliance information based on the latest data compilation.

To assign a new policy to a compliance standard in Prisma Cloud, the administrator needs to edit the policy and navigate to the step where compliance standards are managed. By clicking the '+' button, the administrator can add the policy to a specific compliance standard, provide necessary details, and confirm the assignment. This integrates the custom policy into the chosen compliance standard, ensuring that compliance checks include the newly defined policy criteria.

In the Prisma Cloud Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) rules, protections against OWASP-recognized vulnerabilities like Local file inclusion, SQL injection, and Shellshock are included. Local file inclusion involves unauthorized access to files on the server, potentially leading to sensitive information disclosure. SQL injection targets data-driven applications by inserting malicious SQL statements into an entry field, while Shellshock exploits vulnerabilities in Bash, a widely used Unix shell, to execute arbitrary commands. These protections are part of Prisma Cloud's comprehensive approach to securing web applications and APIs against common and severe vulnerabilities.

To detect port scanning activities within an environment, a "Port Scan" policy type (option B) would be the most appropriate. Port scanning is a technique used to identify open ports and services available on a host, often used by attackers to find vulnerabilities. A Port Scan policy is designed to detect and alert on such scanning activities, allowing security teams to take preventive measures. While Network (option A), Anomaly (option C), and Config (option D) policies play critical roles in cloud security, they do not specifically target the detection of port scanning behavior.

In Prisma Cloud, to notify the InfoSec team via email about misconfigured Security Groups, the appropriate tab to use is "Alert Rules." Alert rules in Prisma Cloud define the conditions under which alerts are generated and the notification channels, including email, where these alerts are sent. By configuring alert rules related to Security Group misconfigurations, the platform can automatically notify the team when such an event occurs, ensuring prompt awareness and response to potential security issues​​.

1. Post /Login 2. Get /report 3. Get report/id/download

Prisma Cloud Code Security is designed to integrate security into the DevOps process by scanning infrastructure as code (IaC) templates and configurations for potential security issues. This proactive approach allows developers and security teams to address misconfigurations and vulnerabilities in the code itself, before they are deployed into the cloud environment and become more challenging to resolve. By identifying and rectifying these issues early in the development lifecycle, organizations can reduce the risk of alerts and incidents arising from misconfigurations in their cloud infrastructure, leading to a more secure and compliant cloud environment.

The commands presented in the image are used to scan images with the twistcli command-line tool, which is part of the Prisma Cloud suite. To determine the correct command, we need to identify the one that specifies output to stdout in a tabular format and writes the scan results to a JSON file.

Option A uses the --stdout flag, which is the correct way to output to stdout, and --output-file with the .json format for the file. The --address flag is correctly used to specify the Console address. Thus, Option A is the correct command fulfilling the requirement.

The correct RQL (Resource Query Language) that detected the vulnerability is:

config from cloud.resource where cloud.type = 'aws' and api.name = 'aws-iam-get-credential-report' AND json.rule = '(access_key_1_active is true and access_key_1_last_rotated != N/A and DateTime. ageInDays (access_key_1_last_rotated) > 90) or (access_key_2_active is true and access_key_2_last_rotated != N/A and _DateTime. ageInDays (access_key_2_last_rotated) > 90)'

This RQL is designed to check the age of the AWS IAM user's access keys to ensure that they are rotated within a recommended period, typically 90 days. If the access keys have not been rotated within this timeframe, it would be considered a security risk or vulnerability, as old keys may potentially be compromised. By enforcing access key rotation, it minimizes the risk of unauthorized access.

The reference for this type of policy check can be seen in cloud security best practices that advocate for regular rotation of access keys to minimize the potential impact of key compromise. CSPM tools like Prisma Cloud include such checks to automate compliance with these best practices.

To enable a user to interact programmatically with Prisma Cloud APIs and for a nonhuman entity to access keys, the correct action is to create a role and assign it to the Service Account (D). Service accounts in Prisma Cloud are designed for programmatic access by applications or automated tools, allowing these entities to interact with Prisma Cloud APIs securely. By creating a specific role with the necessary permissions and assigning it to a service account, administrators can ensure that the entity has the appropriate level of access required for its operations, aligning with the principle of least privilege and enhancing the security posture of API interactions.

Block — Defender stops the entire container if a process that violates your policy attempts to run.

https://docs.prismacloudcompute.com/docs/enterprise_edition/runtime_defense/runtime_defense_containers.html#_effect

In Azure, permissions can be assigned at various levels, including the subscription, resource group, and management group levels. Prisma Cloud’s Net Effective Permissions Calculation would typically support these levels to effectively calculate and assess permissions across the Azure environment. Therefore, the correct answers would be A: Resource groups, B: Subscription, and C: Management Group. The option marked as "Tenant" is not a selectable answer in the provided format and "Resources" is too generic as it does not specify the permission level.

The correct command to generate the YAML file for Defender install in a Kubernetes cluster, considering the console and websocket addresses, as well as the admin user, would typically involve specifying the addresses and user details. The option D seems most aligned with standard practices for such commands, where you export the Defender configuration for Kubernetes, specifying the console and websocket addresses along with the user details.

The correct command to scan the nginx:latest image for vulnerabilities and compliance issues using the Prisma Cloud twistcli tool is shown in Option D. This command uses twistcli images scan with specified parameters for the console address, username, and password, and it outputs the results to a file named scan-results.json. This allows for the scanning results to be saved and reviewed in a structured format, which aids in further analysis and tracking of vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

CloudFormation templates, used to describe and provision all the infrastructure resources in cloud environments, support various elements including resources, mappings, parameters, and outputs. However, scan support for CloudFormation templates does not currently exist for nested references, macros, or intrinsic functions (option A). These advanced CloudFormation features can introduce complexity in scanning and interpreting the templates accurately for security and compliance checks.

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In Prisma Cloud, assigning an administrative user to an account group is a way to implement the principle of least privilege by restricting the user's access to a specific subset of resources and data. Account groups are logical collections of cloud accounts, and by associating an administrative user with a particular account group, their access is limited to only those resources and data associated with the cloud accounts within that group. This mechanism ensures that users have access only to the information and resources necessary for their role or tasks, enhancing security by minimizing the potential for unauthorized access or actions within the cloud environment.

During the creation of a custom config query in Prisma Cloud, the "api.name" field is required. This field specifies the API endpoint that the query will target, essentially defining the scope of the query within the cloud environment. The "api.name" serves as a critical identifier that allows the query to retrieve specific information or perform actions related to the chosen API endpoint. By specifying the "api.name," users can create tailored queries that address their specific security, compliance, or governance needs, enabling more precise and effective management of cloud resources and security posture.

• Log in to your Okta administrator panel.
• Add an administrator role.
• Generate an API token.
• Configure Okta with Prisma Cloud.
• Run the IAM queries for Okta.

When integrating Okta with Prisma Cloud, especially in the context of Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM) or Single Sign-On (SSO) integration, the process must be conducted in a sequence that establishes the necessary permissions and configurations for successful integration.

The first step is to log in to the Okta administrator panel. This is where you will manage your Okta settings and begin the integration process.

Once logged in, the next step is to add an administrator role. This involves assigning a role within Okta that has the appropriate permissions to create and manage API tokens and to perform integration tasks.

After setting up the correct administrative role, the third step is to generate an API token. This token will be used to authenticate the communications between Okta and Prisma Cloud. The API token acts as a secure method of verifying that requests made to Prisma Cloud are authorized.

With the API token generated, the fourth step is to configure Okta with Prisma Cloud. This step typically involves entering the API token into Prisma Cloud and setting up the necessary configurations within Prisma Cloud to recognize and accept authentication requests from Okta.

The final step is to run the Identity and Access Management (IAM) queries for Okta within Prisma Cloud. This step is crucial for CIEM, as it allows Prisma Cloud to query Okta for identity information, user roles, and entitlements, ensuring that the correct permissions are enforced across the cloud environment and that SSO is functioning correctly.

Following these steps in order will ensure that Okta is properly integrated with Prisma Cloud, providing a secure and efficient method for managing cloud access and entitlements.

When a role is deleted in Prisma Cloud, it directly impacts any integrations that rely on the access key associated with that role. These integrations use the access key to authenticate and make API calls to Prisma Cloud for various operations. Deleting the role invalidates the access key, causing these integrations to lose their ability to communicate with Prisma Cloud, leading to a cessation of their functionality until a new role with a valid access key is configured. This underscores the importance of carefully managing roles and access keys to avoid disrupting integrated systems and services.

Prior to performing a rolling upgrade of Defenders, which are components responsible for enforcing security policies and protecting cloud workloads, one of the prerequisites is having an existing Console at version n-1 (option E). This ensures that the Console, which manages the Defenders, is compatible and can support the upgraded Defenders. A rolling upgrade allows for minimal disruption and ensures continuous protection during the upgrade process. The other options listed do not directly pertain to the prerequisites for a Defender rolling upgrade.

Configuring vulnerability policies within Prisma Cloud involves several options that cater to different aspects of vulnerability management and policy enforcement. Options A, C, and D are valid configurations for vulnerability policies:

A. Individual actions based on package type allow for tailored responses to vulnerabilities found in specific types of software packages, enabling more granular control over the remediation process.

C. Applying policies only when a vendor fix is available helps prioritize the remediation of vulnerabilities for which a patch or update has been released by the software vendor, ensuring efficient use of resources in addressing the most actionable security issues.

D. Setting individual grace periods for each severity level allows organizations to define different time frames for addressing vulnerabilities based on their severity, enabling a prioritized and risk-based approach to vulnerability management.

These configurations support a comprehensive vulnerability management strategy by allowing customization and prioritization based on the nature of the vulnerability, the availability of fixes, and the risk level associated with each vulnerability.

By default, Prisma Cloud's vulnerability policy is configured to alert on all detected vulnerabilities across containers and images, without filtering based on the severity of the vulnerabilities. This default setting ensures that administrators are made aware of all potential security issues, providing them with comprehensive visibility into the security posture of their environment. Administrators can then assess and prioritize these vulnerabilities based on their context, severity, and impact on the organization's assets​​.

For CI policy in image scanning with Jenkins or twistcli, options related to scoping include specifying credentials for accessing and scanning the images, setting conditions such as applying the rule only when vendor fixes are available to prioritize remediation efforts, and establishing failure thresholds to determine the severity levels that will cause the build to fail. These options focus on integrating security into the CI/CD pipeline, ensuring images are scanned for vulnerabilities, and enforcing security standards without hindering the development process. This approach aligns with best practices in DevSecOps by embedding security early in the development lifecycle, allowing for early detection and mitigation of vulnerabilities.

In the context of setting anomaly alert intensities in Prisma Cloud, an intensity setting of "Medium" could be used for the measurement of 100 events over 30 days. This setting indicates a moderate level of anomaly detection sensitivity, which is suitable for environments where there is a need to balance between detecting potential security issues and minimizing false positives.

Port 8084 is commonly used for accessing the Console's API in Prisma Cloud. This port allows security teams to programmatically interact with the Prisma Cloud Console, pulling data and automating various security and compliance tasks.

To enforce a rate limit for users posting .tar.gz files, the administrator needs to configure a ban for Denial of Service (DoS) protection with an average rate of 5 and match file extensions on .tar.gz on the Web Application and API Security (WAAS) system. This ensures that if the specified rate is exceeded, the action is blocked, thus providing protection against potential DoS attacks.

Based on the information available in the provided documents, specifically from the "code-to-cloud-intelligence (1).pdf", Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks offers integration with multiple cloud service providers. While the document does not explicitly mention the ability to receive new API release information for Prisma Cloud, it does list integrations with various cloud service providers such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud (GCP), Oracle Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. Therefore, the answer would be C: AWS, Azure, GCP, Oracle, Alibaba.

Upon enabling alarms in Prisma Cloud, two critical alarm types that are registered are Onboarded Cloud Accounts status (A) and External integrations status (D). These alarms are pivotal for maintaining the health and security of the cloud environment. The Onboarded Cloud Accounts status alarms alert administrators about the connectivity and health of cloud accounts integrated with Prisma Cloud, ensuring continuous monitoring and security coverage. The External integrations status alarms provide notifications regarding the operational status of third-party services and tools integrated with Prisma Cloud, such as SIEMs, ticketing systems, or other security tools, ensuring that these integrations function correctly to support comprehensive security and incident response workflows.

In Prisma Cloud Compute Self-Hosted Edition, images can be retrieved by first authenticating with the Prisma Cloud registry and then pulling the images from the Prisma Cloud registry. This process ensures secure access to Prisma Cloud images, as authentication is required to access the registry. By using authentication, Prisma Cloud ensures that only authorized users can retrieve and deploy Prisma Cloud images, maintaining the security and integrity of the deployment.

The correct RQL query to view users who have sufficient permissions to create security groups within Azure AD and create applications is option D. This query is specifically designed to assess policies within Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) by checking the authorization policy settings related to user default role permissions. The query targets the azure-active-directory-authorization-policy API to fetch configurations (config from cloud.resource) and then filters those configurations based on the JSON rules that dictate whether users are allowed to create security groups (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateSecurityGroups is true) and applications (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateApps is true). This query provides a comprehensive check by ensuring both conditions are met, which is necessary for users to have the combined capabilities of creating security groups and applications within Azure AD.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and cloud security principles, the RQL (Resource Query Language) is utilized for querying the configuration state of resources within cloud environments to ensure compliance with security policies. The RQL syntax in option D precisely aligns with the requirements for identifying users with specific permissions, leveraging Prisma Cloud's capability to provide visibility and control over cloud resources, as emphasized in various resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools." These documents highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and validation of cloud resource configurations to maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment, which is effectively achieved through targeted RQL queries like the one in option D.

References:

• "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" discusses the importance of visibility and compliance in cloud environments, which is directly applicable to the use of RQL for querying resource configurations.
• "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" emphasizes the need for comprehensive visibility and governance across cloud environments, further supporting the rationale behind the specific RQL query used to assess user permissions in Azure AD.

Within Prisma Cloud's Resource Query Language (RQL), the "Incident" query type is invalid because RQL is designed to query configuration and posture information of cloud resources, not incident data. The valid RQL query types include "Config" for querying resource configurations, "Network" for querying network-related information, "IAM" for querying identity and access management configurations, and "Event" for querying audit events. The focus on resource configurations and audit events aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities in cloud security posture management (CSPM) and cloud workload protection platform (CWPP), providing insights into resource configurations, compliance, and network traffic​​.Top of Form

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Reference tech docs: https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/continuous_integration/set_policy_ci_plugins.html

Vulnerability rules that target the build tool can allow specific vulnerabilities by creating an exception and setting the effect to 'ignore'. Block them by creating an exception and setting hte effect to 'fail'. For example, you could create a vulnerability rule that explicitly allows CVE-2018-1234 to suppress warnings in the scan results.

To fail CI jobs based on a specific CVE contained within an image, the development team should configure the policy within Prisma Cloud's Console, specifically within the Continuous Integration (CI) policy settings. By setting a specific CVE exception in the CI policy, the team can define criteria that will cause the CI process to fail if the specified CVE is detected in the scanned image. This approach allows for granular control over the build process, ensuring that images with known vulnerabilities are not promoted through the CI/CD pipeline, thereby maintaining the security posture of the deployed applications. This method is in line with best practices for integrating security into the CI/CD process, allowing for automated enforcement of security standards directly within the development pipeline.

To achieve automatic remediation for identity and access management (IAM) alerts in Azure cloud, the variables that must be modified include SB_QUEUE_KEY (Service Bus Queue Key) and YOUR_ACCOUNT_NUMBER. These variables are essential for configuring the connection and authentication to Azure Service Bus, which is used for messaging and communication within Azure services. By setting up these variables, Prisma Cloud can interact with Azure services to automate the remediation of IAM-related alerts, ensuring that access controls and permissions are correctly enforced to maintain a secure cloud environment.

VM image scanning is a critical component of cloud security, allowing organizations to identify vulnerabilities within virtual machine images before deployment. The three major public cloud providers supported for VM image scanning are Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Microsoft Azure. These platforms offer extensive infrastructure services and are commonly used in various industries, making them primary targets for VM image scanning integration.

GCP, AWS, and Azure each provide capabilities to store, manage, and deploy VM images through their respective services such as Google Compute Engine, AWS EC2, and Azure Virtual Machines. By integrating VM image scanning with these services, organizations can ensure that their VM images are free from known vulnerabilities and comply with security best practices before being deployed in the cloud environment.

This approach to VM image scanning is consistent with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security strategy, which emphasizes the importance of securing cloud workloads across the entire development lifecycle. By supporting VM image scanning across GCP, AWS, and Azure, Prisma Cloud enables organizations to maintain a consistent security posture across multiple cloud environments, mitigating the risk of deploying vulnerable or misconfigured VM images that could lead to security breaches.

References:

• Documentation from GCP, AWS, and Azure on VM management and security best practices provide foundational knowledge for understanding how VM image scanning integrates with each cloud provider's infrastructure services.
• Prisma Cloud's documentation and best practices guides offer insights into how VM image scanning is implemented within its security platform to protect cloud workloads across GCP, AWS, and Azure.

To calculate AWS Net Effective Permissions, which reflect the actual permissions that an IAM entity (user or role) has within an AWS environment, the following resource and policy types are crucial:

• Service Linked Roles: These are predefined by AWS for certain services, allowing the services to access other AWS services on the user's behalf. Understanding the permissions associated with these roles is essential for calculating net effective permissions because they can grant significant access within the AWS environment.
• AWS Service Control Policies (SCPs): SCPs are used in AWS Organizations to manage permissions for all accounts within the organization. They allow or deny access to certain AWS services and actions across all accounts. SCPs play a critical role in calculating net effective permissions as they can override IAM policies and permissions, effectively narrowing down the permissions an IAM entity has.

By analyzing these resources and policy types, organizations can gain a clear understanding of the effective permissions assigned to their IAM entities, ensuring that they adhere to the principle of least privilege and reducing the risk of unauthorized access or actions within their AWS environment.

A true statement about build and run policies is A. Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates. This capability is crucial for identifying potential security issues early in the development process, allowing for proactive mitigation before deployment, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the applications and infrastructure being developed.